论《马克西姆斯诗篇》的空间特征

On the Spatial Characteristics of The Maximus Poems

奥尔森的《马克西姆斯诗篇》的语言有明显的空间形式,诗中主要人物的自我既不是本质,也不是超验的主体,而是空间化的存在。读者在阅读该诗时,必须打破时间顺序,反复参照上下文及其他相关文本,进行空间化的阅读。这些都说明,《马克西姆斯诗篇》具有空间特征,也说明奥尔森对艾略特和庞德等代表的现代主义诗歌传统进行了扬弃。一方面,他传承了前辈诗人对时间和空间的感知方式;另一方面,他既不像艾略特一样用“客观对应物”和“非个性化”来否定自我,也不像庞德一样,用强大的自我意识把跨越时代和文化的元素整合在一起,而是把自我置于和他者并存的空间关系网络中,强调自我的体验和行动,由此也显示出他创建他所谓的“人类宇宙”的切实努力。

The language of Olson’s The Maximus Poems has a distinct spatial form.The self of major characters is neither essential quality nor transcendental subject,but spatial being instead.While reading the poems,the reader must abandon the chronological sequence and practice spatial reading by referring reflexively to the context and other relevant texts.All this shows that The Maximus Poems has spatial characteristics and that Olson not only inherits the modernist poetic tradition represented by Eliot and Pound but also develops it.On one hand,he takes over the mode of perceiving time and space from the modernist predecessors;on the other hand,unlike Eliot,who negates the self by means of"objective correlative"and"impersonality",and unlike Pound,who integrates cross-era and cross-culture elements with his potent ego-consciousness,Olson places the self in a spatial network coexisting with the other,and puts an emphasis on the experience and action of the self,thus displaying his substantial effort in constructing his so-called"human universe".