基于GIS的生态敏感性评价与山体修复策略——以青海同仁市隆务西山为例

Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation and Mountain Restoration Strategies Based on GIS:A Case Study in Longwu West Mountain of Tongren City of Qinghai Province

【目的】基于生态环境要素和灾害防治需要构建生态敏感性评价指标体系,并根据综合生态敏感性评价的结果,结合生态学与风景园林学原理,为山体滑坡群的治理提出具有针对性、多学科交互的修复策略。【方法】以青海省同仁市隆务东、西两山为研究区域,依据山地生态系统特征选取地形、水域、植被、土地利用和道路5类生态因子,划分为极敏感、高度敏感、中度敏感、较敏感和非敏感5个等级,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定因子权重,结合GIS空间分析技术,得到研究区的生态敏感性分布图。【结果】生态敏感性综合分析发现,隆务西山与东山极敏感区占比分别为11.21%、2.46%,高敏感区占比分别为27.45%、13.56%,中敏感区占比分别达22.13%、17.21%,较敏感区占比分别为19.02%、26.94%,非敏感区占比为20.19%、39.83%。【结论】对比两山单一生态因子和综合生态敏感性发现,隆务西山的综合敏感性远高于东山,其差异主要是由地形、水域缓冲区与植被三类生态因子引起的。

【Objective】Based on the ecological environment elements and the disaster prevention needs of building an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system,and according to the results of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity evaluation,combined with the principles of ecology and landscape architecture,targeted and multidisciplinary repair strategies were proposed for the treatment of mountain landslide groups.【Method】Taking Longwu East and West Mountains in Tongren County of Qinghai Province as the research area,according to the characteristics of mountain ecosystem,five types of ecolog⁃ical factors were selected,namely,topography,water area,vegetation,land use and roads,which were classified as extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,moderately sensitive,more sensitive and non-sensitive.By using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method to determine the factor weights,combined with GIS spatial analysis technology,the ecological sensitivity distribution map of the study area was obtain.【Re⁃sults】The comprehensive analysis of ecological sensitivity showed that the proportions of extremely high⁃ly sensitive areas,high sensitive areas,medium sensitive areas,more sensitive areas and non-sensitive ar⁃eas in Longwu West Mountain and East Mountain were 11.21%and 2.46%,27.45%and 13.56%,22.13%and 17.21%,19.02%and 26.94%,20.19%and 39.83%,respectively.【Conclusion】Compar⁃ing the single ecological factors and comprehensive ecological sensitivity of the two mountains,it is found that the comprehensive sensitivity of Longwu West Mountain is much higher than that of East Mountain.The difference is mainly caused by three types of ecological factors:topography,water buffer zone and vegetation.