因地而异的气候变化健康影响需要因地而异的应对措施

Location-specific health impacts of climate change require location-specific responses

气候变化的趋势正在对全球的人群健康造成巨大的威胁,迫切需要各国密切协作,积极应对气候变化,为此《柳叶刀》(The Lancet)杂志成立了"柳叶刀健康与气候变化委员会"(以下简称柳叶刀委员会),评估气候变化对人群健康的影响,并寻找保障人群健康的应对气候变化措施.柳叶刀委员会在2015年报告基础上,启动了"柳叶刀倒计时:追踪健康与气候变化进展"项目(以下简称柳叶刀倒计时)[1],每年在《柳叶刀》上发表全球应对气候变化和保护人群健康的最新进展.

Left unmitigated, climate change poses a catastrophic risk to human health, demanding an urgent and concerted response from every country. The 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change and The Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change have been initiated to map out the impacts of climate change and the necessary policy responses.To meet these challenges, Tsinghua University, partnering with the University College London and 17 Chinese and international institutions, has prepared the Chinese Lancet Countdown report, which has a national focus and builds on the work of the global Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change. Drawing on international methodologies and frameworks, this report aims to deepen the understanding of the links between public health and climate change at the national level and track them with 23 indicators. This work is part of the Lancet’s Countdown broader efforts to develop regional expertise on this topic, and coincides with the launch of the Lancet Countdown Regional Centre in Asia, based at Tsinghua University. The data and results of this report are presented at the provincial level, where possible,to facilitate targeted response strategies for local decision-makers. Based on the data and findings of the 2020 Chinese Lancet Countdown report, five recommendations are proposed to key stakeholders in health and climate change in China:(1) Enhance inter-departmental cooperation. Climate change is a challenge that demands an integrated response from all sectors, urgently requiring substantial inter-departmental cooperation among health, environment, energy, economic,financial, and education authorities.(2) Strengthen health emergency preparedness. Knowledge and findings on current and future climate-related health threats still lack the required attention and should be fully integrated into the emergency preparedness and response system.(3) Support research and raise awareness. Additional financial support should be allocated to health and climate change research in China to enhance health system adaptation, mitigation measures, and their health benefits. At the same time,media and academia should be fully motivated to raise the public and politicians’ awareness of this topic.(4) Increase climate change mitigation. Speeding up the phasing out of coal is necessary to be consistent with China’s pledge to be carbon neutral by 2060 and to continue to reduce air pollution. Fossil fuel subsidies must also be phased out.(5) Ensure the recovery from COVID-19 to protect health now and in the future. China’s efforts to recover from COVID-19 will shape public health for years to come. Climate change should be a priority in these interventions.