秦巴山区生态系统服务与居民福祉耦合关系的时空变化

Spatio-temporal changes of the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in Qinba Mountains Area

保护生态系统、提高居民福祉是实现联合国2030可持续发展目标的核心内容。在分析秦巴山区生态系统服务与居民福祉时空演化特征的基础上,采用弹性系数揭示了二者的时空耦合关系。研究发现:(1)1990—2018年秦巴山区水源涵养总量、土壤保持总量均呈波动下降趋势,碳储量总量则呈缓慢增长趋势,且各生态系统服务呈不同的空间分异特征。(2)1990—2018年居民福祉呈上升趋势,增幅高达220%,并呈"南高北低"的分布格局。(3)县域尺度上,三种生态系统服务与居民福祉明显不协调发展。其中,水源涵养、固碳服务与居民福祉的耦合关系均以"福祉增—服务减"为主,占比分别为88.75%、62.5%;而土壤保持服务与居民福祉的耦合关系则以"双增"为主,占比为57.5%。此外,各项生态系统服务与居民福祉反向变化区多分布于汉江河谷盆地和秦岭山脉中段。研究结果可为促进贫困山区生态系统服务与居民福祉协调发展提供决策依据。

Protecting ecosystems and improving the well-being of people are at the core of achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Based on the analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in Qinba Mountains, this paper reveals the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being using the elastic coefficient. The results showed that:(1) The total water conservation and soil conservation showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, while the total carbon storage showed a slow increasing trend, and the ecosystem services showed different spatial differentiation characteristics from 1990 to 2018.(2) The well-being of residents is on the rise, with an increase of 220%, and the distribution presents a pattern of "high in the south, but low in the north".(3) At the county level, due to the differences in resource endowment and economic level, the three ecosystem services and residents’ wellbeing are obviously not coordinated. Among them, the coupling relationship between water conservation, carbon sequestration services and residents’ well-being was dominated by "welfare increase-service decrease", accounting for 88.75% and 62.5%, respectively.However, the coupling relationship between soil conservation services and residents’ wellbeing was dominated by "double increase", accounting for 57.5%. At the same time, the reverse changes of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being were mainly distributed in the Hanjiang River valley basin and the central part of the Qinling Mountains. The results of this study can provide a decision-making basis for promoting the coordinated development of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in poverty-stricken mountainous areas.