全民所有自然资源资产“三权分置”产权体系研究——基于委托代理理论的视角

Design of property right system of "Three Rights Separation" of natural resource assets of the whole people:From the perspective of principal-agent theory

建立健全自然资源资产权利体系,是开展自然资源统一确权登记,推进自然资源资产价值核算和编制自然资源资产负债表的基础和前提。基于委托代理理论,按照"制度安排与市场建设欠佳——委托代理与资源监管低效——权能分解与委托代理耦合——三权分置设计"的逻辑思路,试图建构具有中国特色的新时代自然资源资产产权体系。研究发现:自然资源资产产权制度安排失灵,产权市场建设滞后,委托代理机制弱化以及资源监管失调等因素,是自然资源有效利用的主要障碍。通过对自然资源资产产权的权能分解与管理机制耦合,建立自然资源资产"三权分置"的产权体系,有利于明晰自然资源资产的所有者、代理者和使用者之间权、责、利的关系。

The improvement of a system of natural resource asset rights is the basis and prerequisite for carrying out unified registration of natural resources and confirmation of rights,advancing the accounting of natural resource assets, and compiling the balance sheet of natural resources. Based on the principal-agent theory, this article attempts to construct a new era natural resource asset property rights system with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the logic of "institutional failures-lag in market construction-inefficient government regulationhierarchical agency-three-power separation design". The study found that the failure to arrange the property rights of natural resources assets, the lag in the construction of the property rights market, the weakening of the principal-agent mechanism, and the imbalance of resource supervision are the main obstacles to the effective use of natural resources. Establishing a "Three Rights Separation" property rights system for natural resource assets, through the coupling of the functional decomposition of the property rights of natural resource assets and the management mechanism, is conducive to clarifying relationships between the rights,responsibilities, and benefits of owners, agents and users of natural resources.