氢燃料电池阴极氧还原反应电催化剂研究进展

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen fuel cell cathodic oxygen reduction

氢燃料电池是一种将化学能直接转换为电能的能量转换装置,具有转换效率高、噪声低、无污染、原料多样且用途广泛等优点,但其阴极氧还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)动力学缓慢,极大地限制了其大规模应用与发展.因此,研发高效、耐用兼具经济性的ORR电催化剂是当前研究热点之一.在众多科研工作者的努力下,关于ORR电催化剂的研究工作已取得了许多重要突破性进展.本综述系统介绍了ORR反应机制和目前3种主流类别的ORR电催化剂(贵金属、非贵金属、碳基)的研究进展,着重分析了不同催化剂体系的性能与优缺点,并探讨了高性能ORR电催化剂的合成策略及其未来的发展方向.

Hydrogen fuel cell as a power generating device converts chemical energy into electrical energy,with the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency,low noise,no pollution,diverse raw materials,and wide use.However, slow cathodic oxygen reduction( ORR) kinetics severely limits large-scale applications and advanced development. Therefore,the efficient,durable and economical electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is of vital importance. Here we review the three mainstream ORR electrocatalysts(precious metal ORR electrocatalysts,nonprecious metal ORR electrocatalysts, and carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts), with a focus on performance,advantages and disadvantages of different catalyst systems. We discuss synthesis strategy of high-performance ORR electrocatalyst and future research directions.