城市生态承载力理论与提升逻辑:历史性、关联性与非线性

Theory and improvement pathway of urban ecological carrying capacity: historicity, nexus and nonlinearity

城市可持续发展如何与城市生态承载力相协调,关系到城市自身的命运,也关系到其周边地区能否顺利实现高质量、可持续发展的目标.本研究重新梳理了生态承载力的概念与发展迷思,从系统组成、承载对象、承载供给与需求的特点、环境影响及支撑的理论基础等方面整理了生态承载力的内核,以及与资源、环境承载力和其他复合承载力的差异性.基于现有的生态承载力评价方法,提出了生态承载力提升的非线性特征及与资源、环境承载力之间的关联关系框架.研究发现,在通过政府决策提升生态承载力时,需要充分考虑其在横向(部门)和纵向(跨尺度)方面的协调性问题.

How to coordinate urban sustainable development with urban ecological carrying capacity is not only related to destiny of a city,but also related to whether surrounding areas can successfully achieve a goal of highquality and sustainable development. In this study concept and misconceptions of ecological carrying capacity are reorganized,and characteristics of ecological carrying capacity are summarized from aspects of system composition,carrying objects, carrying features of supply and demand, environmental impact and theoretical basis. Differences between ecological carrying capacity and resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity and other composite carrying capacity are clarified. Existing evaluation methods of ecological carrying capacity is used to propose a nexus framework of correlations among ecological carrying capacity, resource carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity. Correlation methods are developed to quantify coupling and movement of ecological carrying capacity. It is found that coordination between horizontal(sectoral) and vertical(cross-scale) aspects should be fully considered when government policy is adopted to improve ecological carrying capacity.