35日龄北京鸭回肠和盲肠微生物菌群的群落组成和空间分布研究

Microbial Community Composition and Spatial Distribution in Ileum and Cecum of 35-Day-Old Peking Ducks

本试验旨在研究35日龄北京鸭回肠和盲肠微生物菌群的群落组成和空间分布。选取15日龄体重基本一致且健康的雄性北京鸭36只,随机分为6个重复,每个重复6只鸭。试验期为21 d。35日龄时,从每个重复中随机选取2只北京鸭进行屠宰,取回肠和盲肠内容物,通过Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行高通量测序并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:1)肉鸭回肠和盲肠总共获得1268个操作分类单元(OTUs),23个门,53个纲,128个目,211个科,455个属。2)与回肠相比,肉鸭盲肠中Simpson指数显著降低(P<0.05),Shannon指数极显著增加(P<0.01)。3)肉鸭回肠和盲肠中总共含有5个优势菌门(相对丰度>1%)。其中,厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门为回肠中主要的菌门,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为盲肠主要的菌门,脱铁杆菌门为盲肠中特有的优势菌门。4)肉鸭回肠和盲肠中总共含有32个优势菌属(相对丰度>1%)。其中,链球菌属、乳杆菌属和棒杆菌属为回肠中主要的菌属,拟杆菌属和粪杆菌属为盲肠中主要的菌属。5)棒杆菌科、乳杆菌科和链球菌科为肉鸭回肠中主要的菌科,毛螺菌科、拟杆菌科和瘤胃菌科为肉鸭盲肠中主要的菌科。6)肉鸭回肠中共获得了22个差异微生物,在科水平上的差异微生物为链球菌科、乳杆菌科、棒杆菌科、微球菌科、气球菌科、梭菌科、伯克氏菌科和肠球菌科。肉鸭盲肠中共获得了32个差异微生物,在科水平上的差异微生物为拟杆菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科、理研菌科、颤杆菌科、消化链球菌科、肠杆菌科、氨基酸球菌科、丁酸球菌科和产粪甾醇真杆菌科。综上所述,肉鸭盲肠微生物的多样性高于回肠。肉鸭回肠中的主要菌属为链球菌属、乳杆菌属和棒杆菌属等淀粉分解菌,盲肠中的主要菌属为拟杆菌属和粪杆菌属等参与挥发性脂肪酸代谢的菌属。

The objective of this experiment was to study the microbial community composition and spatial distribution in ileum and cecum of 35-day-old Peking ducks.A total of 36 healthy fifteen-day-old male Peking ducks with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 replicates with 6 ducks in each replicate.The experiment lasted for 21 days.Tow Peking ducks were randomly selected from each replicate at 35 days of age and slaughtered,and the contents of the ileum and cecum were collected as samples for high-throughput sequencing by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform and bioinformatics analysis.The results showed as follows:1)a total of 1268 operational taxonomic units(OTUs),23 phyla,53 classes,128 orders,211 families and 455 genera were obtained from ileum and cecum of meat ducks.2)The Simpson index in cecum of meat ducks was significantly lower than that in ileum(P<0.05),and the Shannon index was significantly higher than that in ileum(P<0.05).3)There were five dominant phyla(relative abundance>1%)in ileum and cecum of meat duck.Among them,the Firmicutes,Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in ileum,the Firmicutes and Bacteroidita were the dominant phyla in cecum,and the Desulfobacterota was the specifically dominant phylum in cecum.4)There were thirty-two dominant genera(relative abundance>1%)in ileum and cecum of meat duck.Among them,the Streptococcus,Lactobacillus and Corynebacterium were the dominant genera in ileum,and the Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were the dominant genera in cecum.5)The Corynebacteriaceae,Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae were the dominant families in ileum of meat ducks,and the Lachnospiraceae,Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae were the dominant families in cecum of meat ducks.6)Twenty-two differential microorganisms were obtained in ileum of meat ducks,including the Streptococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Corynebacteriaceae,Micrococcaceae,Aerococcaceae,Clostridiaceae,Burkholderiaceae and Enterococcaceae on family level.Thirty-two differential microorganisms were obtained in cecum of meat ducks,including Bacteroidaceae,Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Rikenellaceae,Oscillospiraceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,Coriobacteriaceae,Acidaminococcaceae,Butyricicoccaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group on family level.In conclusion,the microbial diversity in cecum of meat ducks is higher than that in ileum.The dominant genera in ileum of meat duck are Streptococcus,Lactobacillus and Corynebacterium which are well known as amylolytic bacteria,and the dominant genera in cecum of meat duck are Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium which are involved in the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids.