发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血清生化指标及肠道组织结构的影响

Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Serum Biochemical Parameters and Intestinal Tissue Structure of Bullfrog

本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙(Lithobates catesbeianus)生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血清生化指标及肠道组织结构的影响。选择健康的牛蛙225只,初始体重为(36.0±1.0)g,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只牛蛙。各组分别饲喂用发酵豆粕替代0(FM组)、25%(FSM25组)、50%(FSM50组)、75%(FSM75组)和100%(FSM100组)鱼粉的试验饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:1)各组之间成活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。FM组增重率显著高于FSM100组(P<0.05),但与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。FM组摄食率、饲料效率和氮保留率与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组之间全体和肌肉的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。FSM100组肌肉粗灰分含量显著低于FSM75组(P<0.05)。3)FSM25、FSM50、FSM75和FSM100组十二指肠、空肠和回肠蛋白酶活性显著低于FM组(P<0.05),FSM50、FSM75和FSM100组回肠淀粉酶活性显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。4)FSM75组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。FSM100组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于FM、FSM25和FSM50组(P<0.05)。FSM25组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于FM组(P<0.05)。FM组血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著高于FSM25组(P<0.05)。5)空肠组织形态观察发现,饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉比例超过50%时,小肠绒毛固有层内局部出现大量的嗜碱性颗粒,绒毛高度降低。综合上述结果,建议牛蛙饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的比例为50%~75%。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fish meal replacement by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities,serum biochemical parameters and intestinal tissue structure of bullfrog.A total of 225 healthy bullfrog with initial body weight of(36.0±1.0)g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 15 bullfrog per replicate.Bullfrog in 5 groups were fed experimental diets which use fermented soybean meal replacing 0(FM group),25%(FSM25 group),50%(FSM50 group),75%(FSM75 group)and 100%(FSM100 group)fish meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:1)there were insignificant differences in the survival rate among all groups(P>0.05).The weight gain rate of FM group was significantly higher than that of FSM100 group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference compared with other groups(P>0.05).The feeding rate,feed efficiency and nitrogen retention rate of FM group were no significant difference compared with other groups(P>0.05).2)There were insignificant differences in contents of moisture,crude protein and crude lipid in whole body and muscle among all groups(P>0.05).The muscle ash content of FSM100 group was significantly lower than that of FSM75 group(P<0.05).3)The activity of protease in duodenum,jejunum and ileum of FSM25,FSM50,FSM75 and FSM100 groups was significantly lower than that of FM group(P<0.05),and the ileum amylase activity of FSM50,FSM75 and FSM100 groups was significantly higher than that of FM group(P<0.05).4)The serum catalase(CAT)activity of FSM75 group was significantly higher than that of FM group(P<0.05).The serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content of FSM100 group was significantly lower than that of FM,FSM25 and FSM50 groups(P<0.05).The serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of FSM25 group was significantly higher than that of FM group(P<0.05).The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activity of FM group was significantly higher than that of FSM25 group(P<0.05).5)The histological observation of jejunum showed that when the ratio of fermented soybean meal to fish meal was more than 50%,a large number of basophilic particles appeared locally in the lamina propria,and the villi height was decreased.According to the results of this experiment,it is suggested that the ratio of fermented soybean meal to replace fish meal in bullfrog diet is 50%to 75%.