汉代太行山“羊肠坂”“壶口关”考——兼论唐代的“崞口”所在

Study on“Yangchang Ban”and“Hukou Pass”of Taihang Mountain in the Han Dynasty——Also on the Location of“Guokou(Pass)”in the Tang Dynasty

太行山中以“羊肠坂”命名的险道不止一处。东汉末年,曹操征伐高干取道太行山“羊肠坂”究在何地?通过分析考证可知,曹操经过的是今山西省壶关县东南的“羊肠坂”。今长治市东南有壶关山、壶关县,黎城县东有古壶口关(今东阳关),这几处名称相近、距离不远,清初学者顾祖禹把它们混为一谈,导致唐代文献中太行山隘口“崞口”的所在成为悬案。通过分析古代太行山的攻防形势,可以明确汉代以后的“太行山壶关”,都是指今黎城县的东阳关,唐代的“崞口”也在今东阳关附近。

More than one path is named“Yangchang Ban”in Taihang Mountain.The precise location of“Yangchang Ban”via which Cao Cao led his army to attack Huguan defended by Gao Gan’army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty is in the southeast of Huguan County,Shanxi Province through textual research and analysis.Today,there are Huguan Mountain,Huguan County in the southeast of Changzhi City,and the ancient Hukou Pass(now Dongyang Pass)in the east of Licheng County.These places have similar names and are close to each other,so Gu Zuyu,a historian in the beginning of Qing Dynasty confused them,which resulted the location of“Guokou(Pass)”in Taihang Mountain in literatures of Tang Dynasty remained a mystery.After an analysis of the defense system of the ancient Taihang Mountain,it is clear that after the Han Dynasty,“Huguan(Pass)”refers to the Dongyang Pass of Licheng County today,thus“Guokou(Pass)”of Tang Dynasty should be also near the present Dongyang Pass.