毛乌素沙地主要树种燃烧性研究

Study on the combustibility of Main Tree Species in Mu Us Sandy Land

树种含水率、热值、灰分、着火温度等理化指标对其燃烧性起重要作用,可影响森林火灾发生难易程度、燃烧速度、强度和能量释放大小等,也是筛选防火树种的重要依据。以毛乌素沙地21种主要树种为研究对象,以各树种含水率、热值、着火温度、粗脂肪、灰分值为数据基础,利用主成分分析法进行燃烧性综合排序。研究结果:(1)乔木树种燃烧性由大到小排序为:云杉、樟子松、侧柏、油松、河北杨、杏树、合作杨、新疆杨、火炬树、刺槐;灌木树种燃烧性排序为:沙地柏、沙柳、柠条、野樱桃、花棒、沙蒿、踏郎、紫穗槐、红瑞木、水蜡、沙棘。(2)乔灌树种燃烧性排序可知,强抗火树种:新疆杨、火炬树、刺槐、紫穗槐、红瑞木、水蜡、沙棘;可抗火性树种:油松、河北杨、杏树、合作杨、野樱桃、花棒、沙蒿、踏郎;弱抗火性树种:云杉、樟子松、侧柏、沙地柏、沙柳、柠条。树种燃烧性排序可为毛乌素沙地内抗火性树种筛选提供科学依据,预防和降低该区域火灾发生频率,保护沙地内生态资源。

Physicochemical indexes such as water content,calorific value,ash content and ignition temperature of tree species play an important role in their combustion,which can affect the difficulty of forest fire,burning rate,fire intensity and energy release.Their physicochemical properties are also an important basis for screening fireproof tree species.Based on the data of moisture content,calorific value,ignition temperature,crude fat and ash content of 21 main tree species in Mu Us Sandyland,principal component analysis(PCA)was used to carry out combusting comprehensive ranking.It is important to study the combustibility of main tree species in forest for reducing the intensity of forest fire and protecting forest resources.The results are as follows:(1)the order of combustibility of tree species from big to small is:Picea asperata,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis,Populus hopeiensis,Prunus armeniaca,Populus opea Hsu,Populus alba var.pyramidalis,Rhustyphina,Robinia pseudoacacia,the order of combustibility of shrub species is:Sabina vulgaris,Salix psammophila,Caragana korshinskii,Cerasus tomentosa,Hedysarum scoparium,Artemisia desterorum Spreng,Hedysarum fruticosum,Amorpha fruticose,Cornusalba,Ligustrum obtusifolium,Hippophae rhamnoides.(2)the order of combustibility of arbor and shrub species shows that the species with strong fire resistance are Populus alba var.pyramidalis,Rhus typhina,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa,Cornus alba,Ligustrum obtusifolium,Ligustrum obtusifolium,Hippophae rhamnoides.The species with fire resistance are Pinus tabuliformis,Populus hopeiensis,Prunus armeniaca,Populusopea Hsu,Cerasus tomentosa,Hedysarum scoparium,Artemisia desterorum Spreng,Hedysarum fruticosum,and the species with weak fire resistance are spruce,Picea asperata,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,Platycladus orientalis,Sabina vulgaris,Salix psammophila,Caragana korshinskii.The order of combustibility of tree species can provide scientific basis for the selection of fire resistant tree species in Mu Us Sandyland,prevent and reduce the frequency of fire in the region,and protect the ecological resources in sandy land.