论《元刊杂剧三十种》中的词汇化问题——以“X+心”为例

On Lexicalization in the Collection of Thirty Plays of Yuan Dynasty——Taking “X+心” as an Example

"X+心"是一个常用构式,《元刊杂剧三十种》中共出现232例,其中主要是名词性、动词性、形容词性和副词性的结构。上古汉语中名词性"X"占主导,中古汉语以后,其他词性的"X"逐渐增多。"X+心"构式有着深厚的认知基础,其中主要关涉到隐喻映射和意象图式。构式"X+心"在《元刊杂剧三十种》中可以充当六大句法成分和独立语,但是其分布是不平衡的。此外该构式还具有表示事物的中心或关键部位、表示强烈的情感、表示形象比喻等语用价值。"X+心"的词汇化问题是比较复杂的,在《元刊杂剧三十种》之后,该构式自身经历了消长,有些进入了现代汉语词汇,有些逐渐淘汰。

"X+心"is a common construction.There are 232 cases of"X+心"in the collection of thirty plays of Yuan Dynasty,which are mainly noun,verb,adjective and adverb.In ancient Chinese,the noun part of speech"X"was dominant.After middle ancient Chinese,other parts of speech"X"gradually increased.The construction of"X+心"has a deep cognitive foundation,which mainly involves metaphorical mapping and image schema.The construction"X+心"can act as six syntactic components and independent language in the collection of thirty plays of Yuan Dynasty,but its distribution is unbalanced.In addition,the construction also has the pragmatic value of expressing the center or key parts of things,expressing strong emotions,expressing figurative metaphor and so on.The lexicalization of"X+心"is rather complicated.After the collection of thirty plays of Yuan Dynasty,the construction itself has experienced its ups and downs,some of which have entered the vocabulary of modern Chinese,and some of which have been gradually eliminated.