纳米流体导热介质研究进展

Research Progress of Nanofluid Heat⁃conducting Media

近年来,随着工业技术的发展,能源、化工、汽车、太阳能集热等多个领域对高效换热技术的要求逐渐提高。设备轻量化、微型化发展要求体积压缩情况下仍保证足够的换热能力,因此正确选用导热介质成为必然。传统的导热介质如水、乙二醇、导热油等的导热系数偏低,换热能力难以满足生产生活要求。纳米流体因其增强的导热能力而受到广泛的关注。大力发展纳米流体强化传热技术对提高资源利用率、节能减排具有重要意义。国内外已逐渐对该技术展开大量研究,本文根据最新研究进展,对纳米流体"制备-性能-机理-应用"的全过程进行归纳总结,重点介绍了纳米流体稳定性、基础热物性以及传热特性的研究情况。

In recent years,with the development of industrial technology,the requirements for efficient heat transfer technology are also gradually increasing in energy,chemical,automobile and solar collector fields.The development of lightweight and miniaturization of equipment requires sufficient heat transfer capacity under the condition of volume compression.Therefore,the correct selection of heat transfer medium has become an inevitable choice.Traditional heat transfer media such as water,ethylene glycol and heat transfer oil show low thermal conductivity,thus the heat transfer capacity can’t meet the requirements of production and life.Nanofluids have attracted extensive attention due to their enhanced thermal conductivity.It is of great significance for improving resource utilization,energy saving and emission reduction to vigorously develop nanofluid enhanced heat transfer technology.A large number of studies on this technology have been gradually carried out at home and abroad.Based on the latest research progress,the whole process of“preparation⁃performance⁃mechanism⁃application”of nanofluids is summarized in this paper,with emphasis on the research on the stability,basic thermal physical properties and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids.