地震资料多次波压制方法研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospect of multiple suppression method for seismic data

在反射波地震勘探中,发育的多次波会严重降低地震资料处理的精度,进而误导解释人员给出错误的解释结果.因此,多次波压制方法研究一直以来都是地震资料处理中不可忽视的重要环节.目前,将多次波压制方法分为基于特征差异的滤波方法和基于波动理论的预测相减法是一种较为流行的分类方法.前者计算效率较高,但是多次波压制精度有限.后者理论先进,不需要或者极少需要地层先验信息,多次波压制精度较高,但是往往伴随高计算成本.通常,采用单一方法往往难以满足复杂实际资料处理的需求,汇二者所长的综合法则可以针对实际地震资料的特点,通过不同方法组合解决实际应用问题.据上述分类方法,首先详细论述了每一类方法中经典方法的原理、研究进展及发展方向等;然后介绍了目前实际应用中的综合法多次波压制实例;最后,在回顾传统多次波压制方法的研究进程基础上重点介绍了近年来出现的几种新方法,并展望多次波压制的发展前景.

In seismic exploration of reflected waves,the developed multiples seriously reduce the accuracy of seismic data processing,then mislead the interpreters to give wrong interpretation results.Therefore,the research on multiple suppression methods has always been an important issue that cannot be ignored in seismic data processing. At present,a popular and widely used classification method is to divide the multiple suppression methods into filtering method based on characteristic difference,and the prediction and subtraction method based on wave theory. The former has high computational efficiency,but the accuracy of multiple suppression is limited. The theory of the latter is advanced which requires little or no prior formation information, and the accuracy of multiple suppression is high, but it is often accompanied by high computational cost. Generally,it is difficult to meet the requirement of complex actual field data processing by using a single method.Combining the advantages of the two kinds of methods,the practical application problems can always be solved by choosing multiple methods according to the characteristics of the actual seismic data.According to the above classification method,the theory,research progress and development direction of the classical methods in each category are discussed in detail first. Then,examples of multiple suppression using combined method in practice are introduced and displayed. Finally,on the basis of the review on the research progress of traditional multiple suppression methods,several new methods which are developed in recent years are emphatically introduced,and the development prospect of multiple suppression is forecasted.