城市地下空间地球物理探测技术与应用

Geophysical exploration and application for urban underground space

城市地下空间开发利用是缓解土地资源紧张、解决"城市病"的重要途径,合理开发利用地下空间资源的关键问题是如何实现城市下方地质体"透明化".受施工场地、安全等因素的制约,传统地质填图调查方法难以获取城市地下精细结构信息,地球物理方法具有无损探测的特点,已成为开展城市地下空间精细地质结构探测的主要技术手段.然而地球物理方法种类较多,不同方法应用前提、范围和效果差别较大,为给城市地下空间资源探测选择适合的地球物理方法,本文结合实际案例,系统分析了微重力、高密度电法、浅层反射地震、面波勘探、探地雷达等不同地球物理方法在城市地下空间探测中的应用效果和适用前提.在此基础上,对比了不同方法探测深度、分辨率及其在城市地下空间开发探测的适用阶段,并对未来城市地下空间探测技术发展做了展望.

The development and utilization of urban underground space is an important way to alleviate the shortage of land resources and solve the "urban disease". The key problem of rational development and utilization of underground space resources is how to realize the "transparency" of the main geological bodies under the city. Restricted by the construction site, safety and other factors, traditional geological and drilling methods are difficult to obtain the information of urban underground structure. Geophysical method has the characteristics of non-destructive detection, which makes it the main method to carry out the fine geological structure detection of urban underground space. However, there are many kinds of geophysical methods, and the application premise, scope and effect of different methods are quite different. In order to select suitable geophysical methods for urban underground space resources exploration, this paper systematically analyzes the application effect and premise of different geophysical methods in urban underground space exploration, such as microgravity, electrical resistivity tomography, shallow reflection seismic, surface wave exploration, ground penetrating radar, etc. On this basis, the detection depth, resolution ratio of different methods and their application stages in urban underground space exploration are compared, and the future development of urban underground space exploration technology is prospected.