政策变迁与贵州人口迁移:2000-2015年

The Impact of Policy Changes on Migration of Guizhou:2000-2015

本文通过对2000-2015年贵州省人口省际省内迁移的规模、方向、结构和原因的纵向描述,结合该时期迁移相关政策的变迁,探析政策与人口迁移的关系。认为改革开放以前,计划型人口迁移活动一直是贵州人口迁移的主体。改革开放以来,人口迁移的矛盾从过去的“准不准迁”开始朝着“如何迁好”过渡、转变,政策与人口迁移的关系开始发生由控制到回应的本质变化,新的迁移矛盾对迁移政策变迁的呼唤及相关政策对迁移人口诉求的回应成为政策与迁移二者关系演进的方向。该阶段,不同的政策环境产生不同的迁移外部环境,形成相应的外部推拉力,最终促成了迁移,形塑了贵州人口迁移的规模、方向、结构、原因,迁移者个体特征因着迁移自主性的发挥得以凸显。显然,政策与迁移本质关系的这种变化是引领未来人口迁移健康发展的重要保障。

Based on the analysis of the relationship between policy and population migration in Guizhou from 2000 to 2015,this article argues that before the reform and opening-up,population migration in Guizhou showed a strong sensitivity to policy making,and the migration trend nearly entirely relied on the policy at that time.After the reform and opening-up,the main contradiction between policy and population migration turns from whether allowed to move towards how to migrate well,and the essential relationship between policy and population migration has changed from controlling to guiding and responding.This new requirement of policy support and the response of policy adjustment have become a new evolving direction.In this new stage,different policy generates different external environments for migration,forming corresponding external driving forces,and the interactive relationship between these external forces and individuals with extended migration autonomy changes accordingly,and eventually stimulates migration in terms of magnitudes,directions,structures,and causes.The individual characteristics of migrants are reflected by the migration autonomy.Apparently,The change of essential relationship between policy and migration is an important guarantee to lead the healthy development of population migration in the future.