超额剩余价值从何而来——基于“自创论“”转移论“”综合论”的梳理与思考

Where does Excess Surplus Value Come from——Discussion Based on Theories of "Self-Creation", "Transfer" and "Synthesis"

理解超额剩余价值来源问题是探讨科技创新在价值生产、资本积累过程中作用的基础,也是理解马克思主义劳动价值理论、剩余价值生产理论、资本积累理论的关键问题之一。但是,马克思在不同时期的文献中对超额剩余价值来源提出两种不完全一致的解答,学术界概括发展形成了“自创论”“转移论”及“综合论”三种代表性观点,至今仍未取得统一定论。基于对马克思经典著作关于超额剩余价值来源两种论述的理解,梳理已有文献,反思争论所在,我们认为虽然“自创论”“转移论”“综合论”都面临理论挑战,但总体而言“自创论”更切合劳动生产力提高的目的和动机,符合马克思在《资本论》中对于超额剩余价值的论证逻辑,凸显了生产或劳动过程在价值运动中的重要作用。

In the literature of different periods, Marx has put forward two kinds of inconsistent answers to the origin of the excess surplus value. The academic circle has formed three representative viewpoints,namely the theory of "self-creation", "transfer" and "synthesis". Although the theories all face challenges, on the whole, "self-creation theory" explains better about the purpose and motivation of improving labor productivity, accords with Marx’s argumentation logic for the value of excess surplus in Das Kapital, and highlights the important role of production or labor process in the value movement.