长期照护保险的基本理论与政策问题再讨论

Further Discussion on the Basic Theory and Policy Issues of Long-term Care Insurance

建立长期照护保险制度,不仅可以分散失能带来的经济风险,还有助于促进长期照护保险与服务的良性互动、协同发展。鉴于目前各界还存在一些认识偏误,我国建立长期照护保险制度必须立足保险分散风险的本原功能,坚持权利义务对等的社会保险基本准则,积极防范制度财务模式选择不当而可能产生的道德风险。为此,长期照护保险制度模式选择,不应拘泥于传统理论的窠臼,而应结合中国现实进行理论探索与制度创新,包括借鉴名义账户制的机制设计和住房公积金制度的基金借贷融通互助方式,将现收现付制互助共济功能强与完全积累制激励约束功能强的优势有机融合起来。考虑到宏、微观人口结构变化趋势和经济下行压力,筹资政策应系统考虑、统筹设计。

The building of long-term care insurance should be based on the original function of insurance in risk diversification, adhere to the basic rules of social insurance with equal rights and obligations, and actively prevent the moral hazard that may arise from improper choice of system’s financial model. We should organically integrate the advantages of strong mutual aid function of the pay-as-you-go system with the strong incentive and restraint functions of the fully-funded system.