基于GLC30数据的近20年海南岛土地利用动态变化研究

Dynamic Land Use Change of Hainan Island in Recent 20 Years Based on GLC30 Data

土地利用/覆盖变化(land use/cover change,LUCC)是当前全球变化研究的核心内容之一。近20年来,受自然环境和人文社会经济双重影响的海南岛土地利用变化显著,但其时空动态变化特征及其格局尚不明确。基于GLC30全球地表覆盖数据,分析了海南岛近20年来土地利用时空分布格局、时空动态变化。结果表明,海南岛土地利用/覆盖类型空间分布格局以耕地和林地为主,耕地主要分布在沿海地区,林地主要分布在中部山区。2000—2010年海南岛土地利用时空变化格局以林地面积增加为主,主要由耕地、草地、湿地和水体转化而来;2010—2020年海南岛土地利用时空变化格局以耕地和建筑用地显著增加为主,耕地增加主要来源于林地的转化,建设用地的增加则来源于耕地和林地。2000—2020年,海南岛林地和建筑用地面积显著增加,耕地和草地明显减少;湿地、水体、裸地和海域的面积变化较小。林地增加的区域主要分布在海南岛中部山区及东北部文昌市,大部分由草地转化而来;建筑用地主要来自于耕地、林地和草地的转化,另一部分则来自于湿地、水体和海域的开发,主要分布在海南岛沿海城镇居民点的周边地区;耕地减少主要是转化为林地,分布在海南海口、昌江、琼海和万宁等市县;草地减少区域主要分布在海南岛中部山区,转化为林地。2000年、2010年和2020年海南岛土地利用程度在各个时期变化较小,总体数值处于中间偏上水平,表明海南岛土地利用/覆盖变化的稳定性较高,人类对土地的开发强度适中。通过本研究可为海南岛土地利用合理开发及未来海南自由贸易港建设提供科学参考。

Land use/cover change(LUCC)is one of the core contents of global change research.In the past 20 years,the land use in Hainan Island has changed significantly due to dual effects of natural environment and human society and economy,but its spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics and pattern are still unclear.Based on GlobeLand30(GLC30)global land cover data,spatio-temporal distribution pattern and dynamic changes of land use in Hainan Island was analyzed in recent 20 years.Results showed that,spatial distribution pattern of land use in Hainan Island was mainly cultivated land and woodland.The cultivated land was mainly distributed in coastal areas,and woodland was mainly distributed in central mountainous areas of Hainan Island.The increase of woodland was the main spatio-temporal change pattern of land use in Hainan Island during2000—2010,which was mainly from transformation of cultivated land,grassland,wetland and water body.From 2010 to2020,significant increase of cultivated land and construction land were the main spatio-temporal change pattern of land use in Hainan Island.The cultivated land was mainly transfer from woodland,while the construction land was transfer from cultivated land and woodland.During 2000—2020,the area of forest land and construction land were increased significantly,while the area of cultivated land and grassland were decreased significantly.Changes of wetland,water body,bare land and sea area were very small.Increase of woodland was converted from grassland,which was mainly distributed in central mountainous area and Wenchang City in the northeast of Hainan Island.Increased construction land was mainly from conversion of cultivated land,woodland,grassland,and development of wetland,water body and sea area,which were mainly distributed in surrounding areas of coastal urban settlements of Hainan Island.Decreased cultivated land was mainly converted into woodland,which was distributed in surrounding areas in Haikou,Changjiang,Qionghai,Wanning and other cities and counties of Hainan Island.Grassland reduction area was mainly distributed in central mountainous area of Hainan Island,which was transformed into forest land.Changes of land use degree in Hainan Island was small in 2000,2010 and 2020,which indicated that stability of land use/cover change in Hainan Island was high,and intensity of human land development was moderate.It could provide scientific reference for rational development of land use in Hainan Island and construction of Hainan Free Trade Port in the future.