细胞外囊泡与老年衰弱患者动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles and Atherosclerosis in Elderly Frail Patients

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是直径为30~1000 nm的脂质双分子层胞外小囊泡,根据其大小、生物标志物及发生途径分为外泌体、微囊泡和凋亡小体。细胞外囊泡以不同的方式参与心血管疾病的发生与发展,因此对疾病诊断标志物的筛选具有重要意义。在全球老龄化的背景下,老年疾病如衰弱综合征,在寻找生物标志物和预防策略方面面临挑战。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,细胞外囊泡可参与老年衰弱患者动脉粥样硬化形成的多个方面,有望成为一种新型的判断衰弱患者动脉粥样硬化诊断和评估预后的标志物。现就细胞外囊泡与老年衰弱患者动脉粥样硬化的研究进展进行综述。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are small lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles with a diameter of about 30-1000 nm.According to their size,biomarkers,and path of occurrence,EVs can be divided into exosomes,microvesicles and,apoptotic bodies.Extracellular vesicles participate in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases in different ways,so it is of great significance for the screening of disease diagnostic markers.In the context of global aging,senile diseases,such as frailty syndrome,are facing challenges in finding biomarkers and prevention strategies.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that extracellular vesicles can participate in many aspects of atherosclerosis in elderly frail patients,and it is expected to become a new type of diagnostic and prognostic marker for judging frail patients with atherosclerosis.This article reviews the research progress of extracellular vesicles and atherosclerosis in elderly frail patients.