2011-2020年黑龙江省肺结核疫情特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Heilongjiang,2011-2020

目的分析2011—2020年黑龙江省肺结核患者发病情况及流行变化趋势,为制定防控政策提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病报告信息管理系统收集2011—2020年黑龙江省肺结核患者发病数据等信息,采用描述性分析的方法对肺结核进行分析,Excel 2007与SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2011—2020年全省活动性肺结核报告发病数和发病率呈逐年递降,年间平均年递降率为1.59%,年间递降率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.61,P<0.05)。1、3月发病数最多,占20.4%。男性年平均报告发病率为102.6/10万,女性年平均报告发病率为49.4/10万,男性高于女性(χ^(2)=35428.61,P<0.05);发病年龄主要集中在20~69岁,以50~59岁年龄组占比最大。农民占比最高,达到40%,其次是家务及待业,占比达38.9%。13个市(地)报告发病均呈下降趋势,年平均递降8.53%;下降速度较快的是大兴安岭地区、牡丹江市和双鸭山市。结论黑龙江省结核病防治规划成效显著,近10年来,肺结核报告发病呈下降趋势,2015年后下降速度加快,但在全国仍然是结核病的高发地区。

Objective To analyze the registration status and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in Heilongjiang province from 2011 to 2020 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of pulmonary TB.Methods The data of pulmonary TB patient registration in Heilongjiang during 2011–2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The incidence of pulmonary TB during 2011–2020 was analyzed by descriptive method.Statistical analysis was conducted with Excel 2007 and SAS 9.4,andχ^(2)test was used to compare the rates.Results From 2011 to 2020,the reported case number and incidence of active pulmonary TB in the province decreased year by year,and the average annual decline rate was 1.59%with statistical difference(χ^(2)=99.61,P<0.05)Most cases occurred in January and March,accounting for 20.4%.The average annual reported incidence was 102.6/100000 in males and 93.5/100000 in females,and the difference was significant(χ^(2)=35428.61,P<0.05).The cases were mainly aged between 20 and 69 years,and the cases in age group of 40–49 years accounted for the highest proportion.The cases in farmers accounted for the highest proportion(40%),followed by that in the jobless and unemployed(38.9%).The incidences in 13 prefectures showed decline trends,with an average annual decline of 8.53%.The rapid declines were found in Daxinganling,Mudanjiang and Shuangyashan.Conclusion The reported incidence of pulmonary TB in Heilongjiang decreased in recent ten years,indicating a great achievement in pulmonary TB prevention and control.Although more obvious decline in pulmonary TB incidence has been observed since 2015,it is still high compared with other areas in China.