直购电试点政策与火电行业资源错配研究

Research on Pilot Policy of Direct Electricity Purchase and Resource Misallocation of Thermal Power Industry

政策试点在中国市场化改革过程中发挥了重要作用,我国电力市场正是在试点改革中成熟起来。作为关系国计民生的基础性产业,电力行业如何通过改革来改善资源配置、提高能源效率已成为社会各界关心的重要议题。本文以直购电试点政策为例,结合2003—2013年火电企业数据实证检验了直购电试点政策的资源配置效应。研究发现,通过改善原有电力调度制度,直购电试点政策显著降低了电力企业的资源错配程度。在政策试点早期,国有和集团电厂的资源错配情况改善较民营电厂改善更为明显,但在长期,国有电厂的资源配置未见显著改善。此外,试点政策也未能为清洁节能机组提供足够的激励。本文的发现为继续推动电力改革提供了理论依据,对于进一步优化行业资源配置具有借鉴意义。

Policy pilot have played an important role in the process of China’s market reform and China’s electricity power market is improving during the pilot reform.As a basic industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood,how the electricity power industry improves resource allocation and increase energy efficiency through reforms has become an important issue of concern to the social from all walks of life.Taking the direct electricity power purchase pilot policy as an example,this paper empirically tests the resource allocation effect of the direct electricity power purchase pilot policy based on a data of thermal power companies from 2003 to 2013.We find that by improving the original power dispatch system,the direct electricity power purchase policy has significantly reduced the degree of resource misallocation of electricity power companies.In the early stage of the policy experiment,the improvement in resource misallocation of state-owned and grow power plants was more obvious than that of private power plants,but in the long-term,the resource allocation of state-owned power plants has not been significantly improved.In addition,the policy has failed to provide sufficient incentives for clean energy-saving units.The findings of this article provide a theoretical basis for continuing promotion of power reform,and have reference significance for further optimizing the resource allocation in the electricity industry.