数字贸易壁垒的内涵、测度与国际治理

The Connotation,Measurement and International Governance of Digital Trade Barriers

数字化、虚拟化和全球化的特征决定了数字贸易面临区别于传统贸易的新型贸易壁垒。文章从目标合法性、手段合理性以及效果合意性三个层面对数字贸易监管措施与数字贸易壁垒进行了辨析,并对数字贸易壁垒的内涵进行界定。利用数字服务贸易限制指数、数字贸易限制指数等指标对数字贸易限制程度进行了领域间和国家间的比较。结果表明,发展中经济体的数字贸易壁垒明显高于发达经济体,基础设施和连通性以及数据获取和使用障碍是数字贸易最为重要的限制因素。数字贸易规则的"亚太模板"有望成为多边数字贸易规则的主要参照。中国应以RCEP的达成为契机,以数字基础设施为抓手,以自由贸易试验区为载体,以数据跨境流动为突破点,进一步提升数字贸易治理能力和开放水平。

The characteristics of digitization,virtualization and globalization determine that digital trade will face new trade barriers that are different from traditional trade.This paper analyzes the relationship between digital trade regulatory measures and digital trade barriers in terms of target legitimacy,means rationality,and effect desirability,and defines the connotation of digital trade barriers.By using digital services trade restrictiveness index(DSTRI),digital trade restrictiveness index(DTRI)and other indexes,the paper compares the degree of digital trade restrictiveness between the fields and the countries.The results show that digital trade barriers of the developing economies are significantly higher than those of the developed economies,and the infrastructure and connectivity as well as the barriers to data access and usage are the most important constraints on digital trade.The“Asia-Pacific Template”of digital trade rules is expected to become the main reference for multilateral digital trade rules.China should take the achievement of RCEP as the opportunity,digital infrastructure as the starting point,pilot free trade zones as the carrier,and cross-border flow of data as the breakthrough point to further enhance the governance capacity and opening level of digital trade.