中国环境立法法典化模式选择及其展开

The Choice of the Codification Models of China's Environmental Legislation

世界范围内,各国根据自己的国情和法律传统,对环境立法体系化采取了"基本法+单行法"与法典化两种模式。按照建立现代环境治理体系的目标,"适度法典化"成为中国环境法典编纂的合理选择。"适度法典化"是动态开放的实质性法典编纂,应以理念变革、方法创新为基础,构建以目标价值为核心,以工具价值为技术方法的基本逻辑体系。"适度法典化"模式下的环境法典的体例可采取"总则一分编"结构。总则编采取"提取公因式"方式,规定可以统领全局和普遍适用的立法宗旨、基本原则、管理体例和引领性制度等内容。分则编整合部分现行法律法规,对法典调整的事项进一步详细规定。由此,编纂方法上需要界定"生态环境"基石概念,厘清环境法律关系;以"生态环境法典"命名,采取"双法源"模式;以可持续发展为价值目标,以"生态环境"为基石概念,法律关系为体系化工具,构建环境法典框架体系。

Around the world,countries have adopted two inodes of"basic law+separate law"and codification of environmental legislation in accordance with their own national conditions and legal traditions.In accordance with the goal of establishing a modem environmental governance system,"appropriate codification"has become a reasonable choice for China's environmental code."Appropriate codification"is a dynamic and open substantive codification.It should be based on conceptual change and method innovation.It should build a basic logical system with target value as the core and tool value as the technical method.The environmental code under the mode of"appropriate codification"can adopt the structure of"General Princip-les-Specific Provisions".The General Principles adopt the approach of extracting the common factors,and stipulate the legislative purposes,basic principles,management mechanism,and dominant systems that can lead the overall situation and are generally applicable.The Specific Provisions integrate some of the current laws and regulations,and further provide detailed regulations for the matters adjusted by the code.Therefore,the method of codification needs to define the cornerstone concept of"eco-environment"and clarify the environmental legal relationship;name it after the"eco-environmental code"and adopt the"dual source of law"model;take sustainable development as the value goal,"ecological environment"as the cornerstone concept and legal relationship as the systematic tools to build an environmental code framework system.