劳动法典的制定与劳动权利的实现

Labor Code Formulation and Labor Rights Realization

我国劳动法典化研究始于劳动基本法欠缺时代,随劳动法的制定而沉寂,重提于劳动纠纷激增之际,再兴起于民法典编纂之时。虽然文献数量有限,但仍然能从中看出一条主线:劳动关系调整的需要和劳动关系失衡的现实是劳动法典化研究的触发器。制定劳动法典的思路应当是编纂劳动法典与完善单行法同步进行。我国迄今欠缺一部在效力位阶和制度设计上都能统摄各类单行劳动法律法规的一般法。劳动法典的制定应当遵循权利全面法定化原则和权利全面实有化原则,通过劳动法典的制定实现劳动执法体制机制的管制化转型,从而促进劳动权利的实有化,其意义甚于权利法定化。考虑到法律的稳定性,宜在劳动法的结构基础上组织劳动法典的篇章。劳动法典总则编的核心问题是对劳动关系的认定,根据权利全面法定化原则界定劳动关系的内涵和外延。我国劳动法上的劳动三分法极具中国特色,包容了零工以及平台用工等新型劳动关系。劳动法典分则编的核心问题是劳动权利实有化,应当根据权利全面实有化原则,借鉴国际通行的劳动管制制度,构建有中国特色的长效劳动法实施机制。

The research on the codification of labor law in China began when there is lack of labor basic law,fell silent with the formulation of the"Labor Law",re-emphasized at the time of the surge in labor disputes,and re-emerged at the time of the compilation of the Civil Code.Although the number of documents is limited,one main thread can still be seen from it:the need for labor relationship adjustment and the reality of labor relationship imbalance are the triggers for the study of labor law codification.The idea of formulating the labor code should be to compile the labor code simultaneously with the improvement of the separate laws.In essence,the current labor law system so far lacks a general law that can dominate individual labor laws and regulations in terms of effectiveness level and system design.The formulation of the labor code should follow the principle of full legalization of rights and the principle of full realization of rights,and the establishment of the labor code can realize the regulatory transformation of the labor law enforcement system and mechanism,thereby promoting the actualization of labor rights.This is more meaningful than the legalization of rights.Considering the stability of the legal system,it is advisable to organize the chapters of the labor code on the basis of the structure of the Labor Law.The core issue of the general provisions of the labor code is the identification of labor relations and the definition of the connotation and denotation of labor relations in accordance with the principle of comprehensive legalization of rights.The labor trichotomy in China's labor law has Chinese characteristics and embraces new types of labor relations such as odd labor and platform labor.The core issue of the sub-parts of the Labor Code is the actualization of labor rights.We should build a long-term labor law enforcement mechanism with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the principle of comprehensive actualization of rights and learn from the internationally accepted labor law system.