基于互动视角的自闭症人群交流行为研究:现状与启示

Studies on Communicative Behavior of People with Autism from the Interactional Perspective:Status Quo and Implications

自闭症人群的交流障碍是自闭症研究领域的关注焦点之一,现有研究大多采用心理学的实验研究范式。从互动视角研究自闭症人群交流行为兴起于本世纪初,但国内学界对此关注不足。本文对2000年至2020年间的文献进行梳理,发现相关研究主要采用会话分析和基于语料库的话语分析两种研究路径,探讨自闭症人群在互动中的交流能力、交流障碍及影响自闭症人群互动表现的交流因素,旨在分析不同亚类自闭症人群在真实语境中的交流表现及其特征,并重新审视他们的"交流障碍"。这些研究不仅有助于加深理解及交叉验证心理学实验范式的研究发现,也为开展自闭症临床诊断、评估和干预提供了启示。

In the field of ASD research,communication disorder has been one of the major concerns,for which the most adopted is the psychological experimental paradigm.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the interactional approach to autistic people’s communicative behavior has gradually become popular,to which the domestic researchers have yet paid little attention.This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature on interactional studies published from 2000 till 2020,and finds that the interactional paradigm adopts Conversation Analysis and Corpus-based Discourse Analysis as its two major approaches to people with autism as regards their communicative competence,communication disorders and factors contributing to their performance in interaction.To reexamine their"communicative disorders",this interactional perspective investigates different subtypes of autism in terms of their real-life communication and related features.It subsequently gives rise to a better understanding or a further cross-validation of the findings by the psychological experimental paradigm,from which arise novel implications regarding clinical diagnosis,assessment and interventions for people with autism.