美国自闭症综合干预模式概述及其发展趋势

An Overview of the Comprehensive Intervention Model for Autism in the United States and Its Development Trend

国外对自闭症儿童的干预与教育已持续数年,且综合干预成为自闭症儿童干预与教育的一个发展趋势。本文选取美国十个具有代表性的综合干预模式,从干预理论、干预对象、干预目标、干预过程以及干预评估五个方面进行概述并总结其发展趋势,以期为国内自闭症干预实践提供借鉴。结果显示,美国自闭症干预实践领域越来越强调儿童的主导地位、家长的干预作用和干预人员的专业性,越来越注重早期干预的重要性、干预技术的循证性、干预环境的自然性以及干预评估的持续性和客观性。

Intervention and education for autistic children abroad has developed for several years,and comprehensive intervention has become its development trend.This paper selects ten representative comprehensive intervention models in the United States,summarizes their development trends from five aspects:intervention theory,intervention object,intervention goal,intervention process and intervention evaluation,so as to provide reference to related practice in China.The results show that the practice field of autism intervention in the United States increasingly emphasizes the leading position of autistic children,the role of parents and the professionalism of interveners,and pays more and more attention to early intervention,evidence-based intervention technology,natural intervention environment and sustainability and objectivity of intervention evaluation.