米芾《书史》与黄伯思《东观余论》书法鉴定思想比较研究

Comparative Study on the Calligraphy Appraisal Theories between Mi Fu's History ofCalligraph and Huang Bosi's Intelligent View of Royal Library

米芾与黄伯思都是北宋晚期杰出的书画鉴定家,其代表著作《书史》与《东观余论》中保存了不少二人鉴定书法作品的记录。相比较而言,米芾的书法鉴定主要基于其丰富的实践经验,也常利用物料进行综合考量;黄伯思学问博洽,注重史料记载,也十分注重作品文辞所包含的时代特征。同时,二人皆注重书法艺术的自身特点,能灵活运用文献记载,都流露出崇尚古法的美学倾向。由于二人出身不同,文化修养不同,对文献的运用有较明显的区别,成文目的也不尽相同。学养深厚的黄伯思还曾批评米芾"疏略甚多"。二人书法鉴定的差异,正显现出艺术家与学者的不同风范。

Mi Fu and Huang Bosi were the outstanding calligraphy & painting connoisseurs in late North Song Dynasty. Their representative works like History of Calligraphy and Intelligent View of Royal Library contain many records of their appraisements to calligraphy works. Comparatively to say, Mi Fu’s appraisements to calligraphy mainly based on his abundant practical experience, he also combined the used materials to considerate the works. However, Huang Bosi was knowledgeable, he paid much attention to the historic records and the dictions’ characteristics of the time which were contained in the calligraphy works. Simultaneously, both of them attached great importance to the calligraphy’s artistic features, and agilely wielded documental records. This revealed their aesthetic inclination of upholding the ancient ways. Because of their different family backgrounds and different cultural trainings, there are obvious discrepancies in their using of materials for study, and their writing purposes are not the same. Huang Bosi who has extensive knowledge and solid academic accomplishments once criticized Mi Fu for his omissions in writings. Their differences in appraising calligraphy just show the different styles and ways between an artist and a scholar.