“都”的关联对象及其等级制约

The Associated Objects of Dou(都) and their Hierarchical Constraints

汉语"都"字句是副词研究的热点,主要涉及"都"的关联方向、对象及其特征等。本文对"都"的关联对象的语表形式进行了总结,得出其语里意义为全称量化(总括),具有双向关联、关联复数、单项关联等特征。该语里意义可涵盖其"甚至""已经""隐性否定"等功能。基于其语里意义,通过观察语料,得出了不同类型关联对象的等级为"句式型/复句型>词汇型",同类型关联对象之间则需考虑移位制约和距离制约等因素。

The study of Dou(都) is a hot issue, including its associated direction, objects and other features.According to sum up the syntactic forms of Dou(都)’s associated objects, this paper get its basic meaning,universal quantifier, which possesses bi-directional, single association, and need to associate the plural constituent. Dou(都), as a universal quantifier, can infer its pragmatical functions of even, already and covert negation. The hierarchy of Dou(都)’s different type associated objects is concluded as "construction/complex sentence-type is higher than the lexical type". And among the same type associated objects the move-constrain and the distance-constrain need to be considered.