显性施加义给予构式“给X来(一)个Y”探析

The Analysis of the Explicit-Imposed Meaning Giving-Construction Gei X Lai(Yi) Ge Y(给 X 来(一)个 Y)

文章主要讨论了现代汉语里表显性施加义的给予构式"给X来个Y"。这一构式的构式义可概括为:与事X被动获得某种事物、或遭受某种处置、或被施加某种行为。文章分析了可变项X、Y的构成情况和两者之间的语义关联,指出X与Y之间存在获得、感受、遭受三种语义关系。固定构件中,介词"给"和泛义动词"来"是赋予构式显性施加义的主要因素。介词"给"是个介引标记,主要作用是引出与事成分X,动词"来"的语义泛化,主要表示[+施加]义,一般不能用动作义动词替换。构件"(一)个"的主要作用是对可变项Y进行有界化和指称化,使Y具有可让渡性。文章指出:核心构件的语义泛化对构式的语义形成与发展具有极其重要的影响,构式研究必须重视构件(尤其是固定构件)的语义表达以及构件之间的语义关系。

This paper mainly discusses the explicit-imposed meaning giving-construction Gei X Lai(Yi) Ge Y(给 X 来(一)个 Y) in Chinese. The construction meaning can be summarized as the dative X passively obtains something, or suffers some disposal, or is imposed some behavior. There are three semantic relationships between the variables X and Y: acquisition, feeling and suffering. The fixed components Gei(给) and Lai(来)give explicit-imposed meaning. The preposition Gei(给) is to lead out the dative X. The semantic generalization of Lai(来) expresses the [+Imposed] meaning, which can not be replaced by action meaning verbs.(Yi) Ge((一)个) makes Y has transferability. The semantic generalization of core components is important to the semantic formation and development of construction, and the semantic expression of components(especially fixed components) and the relationship between components should be paid attention to.