流动人口的社区融合概念、维度及测量研究--以北上广深超大城市为实例

The Concept,Dimension,and Measurement of Community Integration of Floating Population:Taking Mega Cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Shenzhen for Example

社区是流动人口在流入地生活的基本落脚点。在社区融合概念的基础上,构建社区服务、社区认同、社区交往、社区参与四个维度的流动人口社区融合分析框架,以此为基础设计流动人口社区融合的测量指标体系,基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据,选取北上广深超大城市为实例进行流动人口社区融合实证研究。研究发现:北上广深流动人口社区融合得分均未过半,表明流动人口社区融合的总体状况不佳;从流动人口社区融合的四个维度看,呈现社区认同较高、社区交往一般、社区服务低、社区参与最低的特征;北京、上海流动人口社区融合状况好于广州、深圳;制度性、人力资本及社会资本、“城市性”等影响因素,造成流动人口社区融合困难。因此,提出创新引领方式、服务方式、助力方式、治理方式构筑流动人口社区融合的共同体场景。

Community is the basic foothold of floating population living in the inflow area.This paper studied and put forward the concept of community integration and constructed an analytic framework of community integration of floating population in four dimensions:community identity,community service,community participation,and community interaction.On this basis,this paper designed a measurement index system of community integration of floating population.Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the national floating population in 2017,the paper carried out an empirical research on community integration of floating population by selecting mega cities--Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Shenzhen as examples.The results are as follows.The scores of community integration of floating population in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Shenzhen are less than half,which indicates that the overall situation of community integration of floating population is not good.From the perspective of dimensions,the community integration of floating population shows the characteristics of high community identity,general community interaction,low community service,and minimum community participation.The community integration of floating population in Beijing and Shanghai is better than that in Guangzhou and Shenzhen.Such factors as institution,human resources capital,and social capital,and“urbanities”make floating population difficult to integrate into communities.Therefore,this paper recommends to construct the“community”scene of community integration of floating population by innovating leading mode,assistance mode,service mode,and governance mode.