基于三生空间功能的上海市农村居民点特征演变及优化研究

Evolution and Optimization Features of Rural Residential Areas Based on ‘the Functions of Production-living-ecological Spaces’ in Shanghai

农村居民点的布局与利用变化和区域社会经济状况密切相关。以经济发达地区上海市为例,从"生产-生活-生态"空间的功能角度出发,运用GIS空间分析、熵权法、景观生态学等方法对农村居民点的特征演变进行研究。结果表明:(1)根据三生空间功能评价结果,可以将上海市划分为非农生产生活区、三生协调区、生产主导区和农业生产生态区等4个具有独特禀赋特征的功能区域;(2)空间功能是农村居民点演变的基础,在其他社会经济因素的作用下,形成2005~2018年不同区域差异化的演变趋势;(3)截至2018年底,3个区域农村居民点规模:农业生态区>生产主导区>三生协调区;形状规整程度:生产主导区>三生协调区>农业生态区;分布集聚程度:农业生态区>三生协调区>生产主导区。根据上述结果,结合《上海市城市总体规划(2017~2035年)》提出了各功能区农村居民点布局优化策略。研究结果有助于直观地揭示土地利用布局与区域社会、经济、生态等状况的动态关系,促进构建可持续发展的新型城乡体系。

The layout and utilization changes of rural residential areas are strongly connected with the socio-economic situations. Take Shanghai as an example, from the perspective of the function of production-living-ecological spaces, GIS spatial analysis, Entropy Weight method, and landscape ecology method were used in our study to determine the evolution of characteristics of rural residential areas in Shanghai. The results show that:(1) According to a functional evaluation of production-living-ecological spaces, Shanghai can be divided into four functional zones with particular endowment features.(2) spatial functions are the basis of the evolution of rural residential areas, under the influence of other socio-economic factors, it forms different evolution trend in different functional areas in 2005-2018.(3) As of 2018, the scale of rural residential areas in different zones is: Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone> Production Oriented Zone >Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone;the shape regularity degree is: Production Oriented Zone >Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone > Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone;the distribution concentration degree is: Agricultural Production & Ecological Zone > Production-Living-Ecological Coordinated Zone > Production Oriented Zone. According to the results, combined with the requirements of "Urban master planning of Shanghai(2017-2035)", the optimization strategies of rural residential area layout is proposed. Our research is helpful to intuitively demonstrate the dynamic relationship between land use changes and socio-economic situations and promote the sustainable development of both rural and urban areas.