岩巷岩体失稳破坏的红外和声发射联合监测预警技术研究

Study on the Joint Monitoring and Early Warning Technology of Instability and Failure in Roadway Rock Mass Based on Infrared and Acoustic Emission

对岩巷工程灾害的预警预报和应急响应是减少人员伤亡和经济损失的重要途径,通过红外辐射和声发射联合监测含孔岩石在受力过程中的物理变化可以有效地模拟岩巷工程灾害演化与爆发。为此,开展了含孔洞岩石加载过程的红外辐射和声发射联合监测试验,对含孔洞岩石加载的红外辐射和声发射特征以及二者之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:①极差曲线随应变的变化具有明显的阶段性特征,特别在最后阶段,极差曲线加速上升并出现突跳点,反映了温度场的分异现象和前兆特征,前兆时间平均为95.71%峰值应力;②声发射能率和声发射率曲线具有阶段性变化特征,在后期阶段普遍存在岩石破坏的前兆特征,前兆时间平均为82.68%峰值应力;③岩石加载后期,红外与声发射前兆具有递进性,即声发射前兆早于红外前兆,两者的时间分界线在92%~95%峰值应力;④红外和声发射变化特征的关系与岩石的损伤破裂演化以及两种监测技术的特点有密切关系。根据试验结果,提出了岩巷岩体失稳破坏的红外和声发射联合监测预警技术,讨论了两种技术的互补性,并给出了联合监测预警的技术流程,供相关研究和现场监测参考。

Early warning and emergency response of rock roadway engineering disaster is an important way to reduce casualties and economic losses,and the evolution and outbreak of rock roadway engineering disaster can be effectively simulated by monitoring the physical changes of rock with hole in loading process through infrared radiation and acoustic emission,thus,in this paper,the joint monitoring experiments of infrared radiation and acoustic emission in the loading process of rock with holes is carried out.The characteristics of infrared radiation and acoustic emission and the relationship between them are studied.The study results show that:①the variation of range curve with strain has obvious stage characteristics,especially in the last stage,the range curve accelerates to rise and appears sudden jumps,which reflects the differentiation and precursory characteristics of the temperature field.The average precursory time is 95.71%of the peak stress.②The curve of AE energy rate and AE rate has the characteristics of stage change.In the last stage,there generally exits the precursor characteristics of rock failure,and the average precursory time is 82.68%of the peak stress.③In the last stage of rock loading,the infrared and acoustic emission precursors are progressive,that is,the acoustic emission precursor is earlier than that of the infrared,and the time boundary between them is 92%~95%of the peak stress.④The change characteristics of infrared and acoustic emission are closely related to the evolution of rock damage and fracture and the characteristics of the two monitoring technologies.Through the test results,the infrared and acoustic emission joint monitoring and early warning technology for instability and failure of rock roadway engineering is proposed,the complementarity of the two technologies is discussed,and the technical process of joint monitoring and early warning is given as reference for academic research and field monitoring.