我国综合机械化开采50年发展历程与展望

Development course and prospect of the 50 years’comprehensive mechanized coal mining in China

分析了我国综合机械化的发展历程,总结了在机械化开采方面从引进、消化、吸收再到发展创新的成功经验,认为:①我国煤矿机械化开采历经50 a发展,大体可分为3个阶段,即探索阶段(20世纪70—80年代)、大发展阶段(20世纪90年代)和全面突破阶段(21世纪初至今);②在工作面煤机装备发展理念方面,20世纪80,90年代总体是突出经济实用型,21世纪初至“十二五”末期,煤机装备突出重型化和高可靠性,以达到装备效益的最大化,“十三五”至今,煤机装备向智能化、无人化方向发展,以实现工作面设备集群的智能感知和协同控制;③采煤方法与工艺依然是煤矿机械化发展的基础,任何采煤方法或工艺的变革都会促进煤机装备产业的升级换代,甚至脱胎换骨的进步,而煤机装备是采煤方法与工艺的载体,因此采煤方法与工艺研究依然是煤矿开采的基础和根本;④尽管我国煤机装备的整体水平有了巨大提高,但在关键元部件、材料、工艺、整机可靠性方面,与国际先进国家依然存在一定的差距;⑤煤矿智能化是煤炭行业发展的必然趋势,是煤炭科技工作者的理想和努力方向,但其前提必须是装备要具有高可靠性,而且采煤工艺的可操作性与岩层控制的定量化理论也是智能化实现的基础;我国煤矿机械化的发展历程表明,煤机装备的研发和应用应立足于采煤方法与工艺的不断创新,适合煤炭赋存特点的多样化机械化开采模式也是我国煤炭科技发展的必由之路。

This paper analyzes the development process of comprehensive mechanization in China,and summarizes the successful experience in mechanized mining from introduction,digestion,absorption to development and innovation.It is considered that:after 50 years of development,mechanized mining in China can be divided into three stages,namely,①exploration stage(1970 s-1980 s),②coal mining technology development stage(1970 s-1980 s),③coal mining technology development stage(1970 s-1980 s),④coal mining technology development stage(1970 s-1980 s)Great development stage(1990 s)and comprehensive breakthrough stage(since the beginning of the 21st century);From the beginning of this century to the end of the 12th Five Year Plan,coal machinery equipment highlights heavy and high reliability,in order to maximize the benefit of the equipment.From the 13th five year plan to now,coal machinery equipment has developed in the direction of intelligent and unmanned,in order to realize the intelligent perception and collaborative control of working face equipment cluster;Coal mining method and technology is still the basis of the development of coal mining mechanization.Any change of coal mining method or technology will promote the upgrading of coal mining machinery and equipment industry,and even the progress of transformation.Coal mining machinery and equipment is the carrier of coal mining method and technology,so the research on coal mining method and technology is still the basis and fundamental of coal mining;Although the overall level of China’s coal machinery and equipment has been greatly improved,and the gap with the international advanced countries has been greatly shortened,there is still a certain gap in the key components,materials,technology and overall reliability;(5)Coal mine intelligence is the inevitable trend of the development of the coal industry,and is the ideal and direction of the coal people,but its premise must be that the equipment must have high reliability,and the operability of coal mining technology and the quantitative theory of strata control are also the basis of intelligent realization.The development process of coal mine mechanization in China shows that the research and development and application of coal machinery equipment should be based on the continuous innovation of coal mining methods and technology,and the diversified mechanized mining mode suitable for the characteristics of coal occurrence is also the only way for the development of coal science and technology in China.