碳材料在金属化合物固态储氢中的应用

Application of carbon in hydrogen storage performances of hydrides

氢的安全、经济和高效储运是制约燃料电池-氢能推广应用的重大障碍。金属化合物固态储氢因理论质量储氢密度高、体积占比小、储氢压力低和安全性高,是以潜艇为代表的密闭空间场合用燃料电池的首选氢源,但热力学稳定和动力学释放氢缓慢等问题限制了其性能的发挥。碳材料因强结构设计性、独特的电子性质和高导热性,在金属化合物储氢中的研究日益广泛。基于此,从纳米结构约束、催化剂和添加剂三个角度,对金属化合物储氢中碳材料的应用进行了归纳,阐述了金属化合物/碳复合材料的制备和结构以及碳发挥有益效果的作用机制。

The safe,efficient,and reliable storage of hydrogen is the main obstacle for the practical applications of fuel cell-hydrogen energy.Hydrogen storage of metal compounds is a preferred hydrogen source in confined space represented by submarines due to its high hydrogen storage density,small volume proportion,low hydrogen storage pressure,and high safety.However,the thermodynamic stability and the slow hydrogen absorption and desorption dynamics limit its application.Carbon has been widely used because of its strong structural design,unique electronic properties and high thermal conductivity.In this work,the application of carbon in hydrogen storage of metal compounds is summarized from the perspectives of nano-structure constraint,catalyst,and additive.The preparation and structure of metal compounds/carbon composites as well as the mechanism of the effect of carbon are described.