俄罗斯经济体制转型30年的进程回顾与思考

Review and Reflection on the Process of 30 Years’of Economic System Transformation in Russia

俄罗斯经济体制转型30年期间,各个时期转型的任务与目标:叶利钦执政时期确立市场经济体制框架;普京任前两届总统期间,通过实行修补与整治等政策,使混乱无序的市场转向有序;“梅普”“普梅”组合时期的主要任务是使俄罗斯经济由资源型向创新型转变与实现国家现代化。在经济体制转型30年来,并没有使俄罗斯经济持续稳定地发展,其中两个重要原因是:在经济体制转变过程中的同时,没有解决好调整过度依赖能源等原材料产品的经济结构;改变落后与低效的经济增长方式。

During the 30 years of economic system transformation in Russia,the tasks and objectives of the transformation in each period are as follows:the establishment of market economic system framework is done during Yeltsin’s reign;during Mr Putin’s fi rst two terms as president,he changed the chaotic market into the orderly one through policies of repair and rectifi cations,in the combination period of“Mezieff-Putin”and“Putin-Mezieff”,the main task is to transform economy from resource-based to innovation-oriented,and realize national modernization.In the past 30 years of economic system transformation,Russia has not sustained and stable economic development,which results from the ill performance in the two important aspects:solving the adjustment of the economic structure by over-reliance on energy and other raw material products,and changing backward and ineffi cient mode of economic growth.