现货市场补充作用下基于总量折扣的运输服务采购问题研究

Transportation service procurement based on total discount under complementary effect of spot market

产品需求的不确定性使得企业经常产生临时性或突发性的物流需求,物流服务现货市场采购在应对上述物流需求时发挥了重要的作用.在物流服务采购决策过程中,长期合同采购所提供的价格折扣受采购量的影响,因此对托运企业而言,如何平衡长期合同采购以及现货市场采购,从而在满足其物流需求的基础上使得总体采购成本最低,成为一个需要解决的问题.基于托运人的角度,建立以最小化运输服务采购成本及最大化整体满意度为目标,综合考虑承托双方偏好、承运方总量折扣及承运方运力接受范围等因素的运输服务混合采购决策模型,并设计多目标粒子群算法对上述模型进行求解.通过算例分析验证所提模型及算法的有效性,算例结果表明,所建立的模型可显著降低运输服务总采购成本,并有效提升整体的满意度水平,研究成果对于降低运输服务采购成本、促进承托双方的稳定合作具有一定的理论意义.

The uncertainty of product demand makes enterprises often have temporary or sudden logistics demands.The logistics services spot market plays an important role in responding to those logistics demands.In the logistics service purchasing process,the price discount provided by long-term procurement contract is affected by the purchase quantity,so for the shipping enterprise,how to balance the long-term procurement contract and spot market procurement to achieve minimum overall procurement cost on the basis of the logistics demand,is a problem needed to be solved.Based on the viewpoint of the shipper,this paper establishes a transport services hybrid procurement model which takes the minimum transportation service procurement cost and maximum overall satisfaction as the objectives considering the factors including carrier and shipper preference,carrier’s total discount,and carrier’s capacity acceptance range.Then we design a multi-objective particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to solve the proposed model.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm,an example analysis is carried out,and the results show that the established model can significantly reduce the total procurement cost of transportation services and effectively improve the overall satisfaction level.Therefore,the research results have a certain theoretical significance on reducing the cost of transportation service procurement and promoting the stable cooperation between the carrier and shipper.