工作、家庭难兼顾?工作-家庭资源模型在组织管理研究中的应用与发展

Understanding Work-Home Conflict and Enrichment: A Review and Future Agenda of Using Work-Home Resources Model in Organization and Management Research

工作-家庭资源(W-HR)模型是一个系统解释工作与家庭积极和消极互动的理论,它阐释了个人资源将一个领域的要求和资源与另一个领域的结果联系起来的过程和条件。尽管W-HR模型已提出近10年,实证研究对其应用并不一致,其核心观点得到的证实程度也不相同,且该模型在国内受到的关注很少。基于对52项使用W-HR模型研究的系统分析,文章梳理提炼了该模型的典型应用场景和误区。总体上, W-HR模型关于工作-家庭互动的基本观点已被证实,但关于"关键资源和宏观资源在互动中的作用"的观点仅得到较少关注,工作-家庭互动的时间问题还未被探讨。未来研究在使用该模型时,应区分工作-家庭的消极和积极互动过程,探究家庭和非工作领域对工作的影响,关注工作-家庭互动中宏观因素的作用,明晰工作-家庭关系随时间变化的过程,关注数字化背景下的工作-家庭关系,以及探索工作-家庭互动在中国情境下的独特性。

Work-home resources model(W-HR)is a theory that systematically describes the positive and negative interfaces between work and home.The model illustrates the processes and conditions under which personal resources relate the demands and resources of one domain to the outcomes of the other.Although W-HR model has been proposed for nearly 10 years,we know less whether its viewpoints have been supported or not.In addition,empirical studies applied this model inconsistently,and the model has received less scholarly attention in China.To provide a complete and nuanced understanding of the use of W-HR model,we present a systematic review.After briefly introducing the core viewpoints of W-HR model and its feature compared with other work-home interface theories,this paper analyzes 52 existing empirical studies,sorts out the variables and their relationships involved in the existing studies and identifies the use and misuse of W-HR model in this research.In general,the basic ideas of the W-HR model on work-home interface have been tested and confirmed.Most studies treat work-home relationship as a process,examine the influence of situational factors on work-home relationship and investigate the interaction between two domains.However,the views on the roles of key and macro resources in work-home process have received less attention,with only 20%studies exploring the use of key resources,and only one study expanding the use of macro resources.The time-varying problem of work-home interaction in this model has not yet been tested.Future research should differentiate the conflict and enrichment between work and home,examine the impact of home and non-work on work,investigate the roles of macro factors,highlight the time issues in work-home interface and pay attention to work-home interface under the background of the digital age.More research on the work-home interface in Chinese context is also needed.