混凝土复杂表面裂缝特征自动提取算法研究

Research on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Features on Complex Surface Cracks of Concrete

在工程施工过程中,由于温度场时空分布不均和结构约束,大体积混凝土容易在早龄期产生过大的温度应力,进而出现裂缝,对工程的安全性和耐久性产生威胁.某些结构部位裂缝的检测人工难以到达或实时跟踪,因此对裂缝的自动检测十分重要.本文提出了一种复杂表面裂缝特征自动提取的算法,采用Python语言编制了相关程序.算法首先对裂缝图像进行前处理,包括图像灰度化、图像平滑、阈值分割、形态学处理、非裂缝区域的删除、骨架提取等,得到裂缝骨架线.然后在单一裂缝特征提取的基础上,适当分割弯曲裂缝和分岔裂缝,用线性函数拟合裂缝骨架,获取裂缝走向和倾斜角度,引入裂隙玫瑰图对提取到的裂缝特征进行统计.最后对虚拟裂缝和实际裂缝进行特征提取,并绘制“裂缝玫瑰图”,实现复杂裂缝特征的可视化.此算法可为混凝土表面裂缝自动检测和实时跟踪提供可靠依据和便利.

In the process of engineering construction,due to the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of temperature field and structural constraints,mass concrete is prone to produce excessive temperature stress in the early age,and then cracks appear,which is a threat to the safety and durability of the project.However,the detection of cracks in some structural parts is difficult to reach manually or track in real time,so the automatic detection of cracks is very important.In this paper,an algorithm for automatic extraction of complex fracture features was proposed,and the related program was programmed in Python language.Firstly,the crack image was preprocessed,including image graying,image smoothing,threshold segmentation,morphological processing,non crack area deletion,skeleton extraction,etc.to get the fracture skeleton line.Then,on the basis of single fracture feature extraction,the bending crack and bifurcated fracture were properly segmented,and the fracture skeleton was fitted with linear function to obtain the fracture strike and inclination angle,and the fracture rose diagram was introduced for statistical analysis of the extracted fracture features.Finally,the fictitious and actual fractures were extracted,and the"fracture rose diagram"was drawn to realize the visualization of complex fracture features.This algorithm can provide reliable basis and convenience for automatic detection and real-time tracking of concrete surface cracks.