中国高技术产品进口增长的模式与效率分析

An analysis of the pattern and efficiency of China’s high-tech product import growth

主动扩大进口是新时期中国外贸政策的重大转变。基于H-K三元边际分析框架,测度了2001-2018年中国对58个主要贸易伙伴高技术产品进口增长的扩展边际、价格边际和数量边际。在此基础上,构建中国高技术产品进口增长的"投入—产出"机制,并采用三阶段DEA衡量了中国高技术产品进口增长效率。最后,从制度距离层面考察了影响中国高技术产品进口增长技术效率的内在因素。研究发现:(1)中国高技术产品进口增长主要依赖于种类增长,"价高量低"是当前中国高技术产品进口面临的主要问题,中国高技术产品进口增长具有显著的国别间异质性,且其进口增长扩展边际和价格边际的极化现象不容忽视。(2)中国高技术产品进口增长的效率水平较高,规模效率增长是其技术效率增长的主要原因,相比之下,纯技术效率比规模效率更易受到环境因素的影响。(3)经济制度距离和政治制度距离是影响中国高技术产品进口增长技术效率的重要内部因素,中国政府需高度重视国家制度及治理体系的建设。

Actively expanding imports is a major change in China’s foreign trade policy in the new period.Based on the H-K ternary marginal method,this paper estimated the extensive margin,price margin,and quantity margin of China’s high-tech product import growth to 58 major trading partners from 2001 to 2018.Based on this,a feasible"input-output"mechanism of import growth was constructed and the three-stage DEA method was adopted to measure the efficiency of China’s high-tech product import growth.Finally,we examined the internal factors that affect the technical efficiency of China’s high-tech product import growth from the perspective of institutional distance.The findings are as follows:(1)The growth of China’s high-tech product imports mainly depends on the variety growth.The main problem China’s high-tech product imports facing is"high price and low volume".The growth of China’s high-tech product imports has significant inter-country heterogeneity,and the polarization of its import growth expansion and price margins cannot be ignored.(2)The efficiency level of China’s high-tech product import growth is relatively high.Scale efficiency growth is the main reason for the growth of China’s high-tech product import technology efficiency.Pure technical efficiency is more susceptible to environmental factors than scale efficiency.(3)Both economic institutional distance and political institutional distance have significantly affected the technical efficiency of China’s high-tech product import growth.The Chinese government needs to attach great importance to the construction of the national system and governance system.