侨汇安全、汇兑成本与金融信用--战后华南侨乡官方侨汇信用体系的重建与崩溃

Remittance security, Exchange costs and Financial credit:Reconstruction and Collapse of the official credit system of overseas Chinese remittance in South China after World War Ⅱ

为杜绝既往侨汇运营过程中出现的种种流弊,战后,华南侨乡官方侨汇机构试图采取武装护汇、定点取款、凭保取款、预存印鉴、三家联保、取消邮政委托代理、从严设立代理处等一系列措施来建构新的官方侨汇信用体系,以防控和化解各类风险,确保侨汇安全,维护侨汇信用。然而,这些措施导致侨乡民众领汇的手续繁难,增加了隐性汇兑成本,损害了侨乡民众的经济利益,引起华南侨乡社会舆论的激烈反弹。侨汇逃港成为可供华南侨乡民众选择的与之博弈的有力经济手段。随着内战爆发,恶性通货膨胀的出现,导致战后新建的官方侨汇信用体系的瓦解和崩溃。

In order to avoid various frauds in the operation of overseas Chinese remittances,the official remittance agency headed by the Bank of China,tried to construct a new official overseas remittance credit system to prevent,control and resolve various risks.However,these measures were essentially based on their attempts to transfer the security risks and exchange costs to the ordinary people as far as possible.These measures not only led to the difficulties in the procedures of receiving foreign exchange,but also increased the hidden exchange costs and loss,which damaged the economic interests of the Qiaoxiang people and caused a sharp rebound in the society of the Qiaoxiang in South China.With the outbreak of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,hyperinflation seriously threatened the currency value of remittances,which led to the disintegration and collapse of the newly established official credit system of overseas Chinese,and formed the historical trend of“overseas remittance evasion”in the Qiaoxiang of the South China.