中国海外移民与中华民族认同

Overseas Chinese Immigrants and Identity of the Chinese Nation

中华民族不仅在国内发展,而且在海外繁衍生息。中国的海外移民及其后裔遍及世界各地,形成了海外华侨华人群体。近代以来,中国仁人志士的救亡图存,激发了中国的现代民族意识和国家意识,也推动了中国海外移民民族意识的觉醒,增强了海外移民对中华民族的认同。在1955年中国政府宣布取消双重国籍之前,绝大多数的海外移民是华侨,他们是中国人。在此之后,大多数海外移民加入住在国的国籍,成为住在国的公民,由中国人转变为外籍华人。不论是华侨还是华人,他们身上流淌着中华民族的血液,传承着中华文化,期盼着中华民族的伟大复兴,与祖籍国保持着密切的联系,对中华民族有着强烈的认同。而海外移民自身因素,中国和住在国政府对海外移民的政策,也深刻地影响着海外移民对中华民族的认同。

China is a unified multi-ethnic country.The Chinese nation not only develops at home,but also thrives overseas.China’s overseas immigrants and their descendants spread all over the world,forming overseas Chinese groups.Since modern times,the efforts of Chinese people with lofty ideals to save the nation have awakened modern consciousnesses of the nation and the state of oversea Chinese as well as Chinese people.The identity of the Chinese nation is enhanced by overseas Chinese meanwhile.Before the Chinese government renounced dual citizenship in 1955,the vast majority of overseas Chinese identified with China and they were Chinese.After that,most overseas Chinese joined the nationalities of the countries where they lived and became the citizens of those countries;and therefore,they became Chinese with foreign nationalities and transferred their loyalty from China to those countries.However,all overseas Chinese have the blood of the Chinese nation and carry on with Chinese culture.They expect the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and maintain close contacts with China.Hence,most overseas Chinese still keep their consciousness and identity of the Chinese nation.Additionally,individual factors and the policies of the Chinese government and other countries on overseas Chinese have profound impacts on overseas Chinese identity of the Chinese nation.