中国西南民族文化遗产走向世界的表述和意义

World Cultural Heritage among Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China:Its Representation and Meaning

20世纪90年代,联合国教科文组织调整了申报世界文化遗产的标准。除了坚持世界遗产必须具有"杰出的普遍价值",新的标准增强了对文化多样性的考量。回应这个变化,中国文物部门在遴选项目时把目光投向西南的少数民族文化遗产。如何证明少数民族文化遗产有某种"普遍价值"成为中国遗产申报工作者最需解决的问题。围绕这个问题,本文把人类学的翻译转向与费孝通的"文化自觉"结合起来,指出遗产价值的论证过程应该被理解成一种"翻译"。

China’s cultural heritage sector has given considerable attention to the heritage sites of ethnic minorities in southwest China since UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage criteria in the 1990 shas struggled to place cultural diversity in its top priority in addition to"the outstanding universal value."It thus becomes imperative for heritage professionals in China to prove that the heritage sites they choose from ethnic minority regions have some"universal value."This article explores the issue and puts into dialogue the translation turn of anthropology and Fei Xiaotong’s classical concept of"wenhua zijue文化自觉"(self-awareness of culture).It argues that the best way to understand how the value of a heritage site is justified is to conceptualize the process as"translation."