鲣鱼精巢营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of the Nutritional Compositions of Katsuwonus pelamis Milts

系统分析和评价鲣鱼精巢营养成分、脂肪酸和矿物质元素组成及含量。利用气相色谱、氨基酸分析仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定鲣鱼精巢脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物质元素组成。常规营养成分分析表明:新鲜鲣鱼精巢水分含量为(76.36±1.14)%;干燥的精巢中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总核酸和灰分的含量分别为(52.71±0.42)%、(10.36±0.79)%、(27.59±0.43)%和(3.34±0.14)%。氨基酸组成分析表明鲣鱼精巢中精氨酸含量最高(9.29±0.09)%,其次为谷氨酸(5.95±0.05)%和赖氨酸(4.05±0.04)%;含有苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸7种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的35.22%;元素分析表明鲣鱼精巢的常量元素中钾含量最高(563.048±3.042)mg·kg^(-1),微量元素中锌含量最高(60.243±9.023)mg·kg^(-1);鲣鱼精巢中饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为53.25%、35.69%和11.07%;在鉴定出的13种脂肪酸中,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高(49.97±0.16)mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1)。鲣鱼精巢可作为药用鱼精蛋白、活性肽和DHA制备的优质原料,亦适宜作为补钾、补锌产品进行综合利用。

Analysis and evaluation of the nutritional compositions of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)milts.The composition of fatty acids,amino acids and mineral elements in skipjack tuna milts were determined by gas chromatography(GC),amino acid analyzer,and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The fresh milts of skipjack tuna contained moisture as a major component with the content of(76.36±1.14)%.On the dry weight of milts,the contents of crude proteins,crude fats,total nucleic acids and ash were(57.71±0.42)%,(10.36±0.79)%,(27.59±0.4)%and(3.34±0.14)%,respectively.Arginine with the content of(9.29±0.09)%was confirmed to be the major amino acid in tuna milts and other amino acids of higher content followed by glutamate(5.95±0.05)%and lysine(4.05±0.04)%.Amino acid analysis showed that tuna milts contained seven essential amino acids(EAA)including threonine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,leucine,phenylalanine and lysine.The total amount of essential amino acids in the tuna milts was 18.57%,which accounted to 35.22%of the total amount of amino acids.Elemental analysis indicated that potassium(K)and zinc(Zn)were the highest macroelement and trace element with the contents of(563.048±3.042)mg·kg^(-1) and(60.243±9.023)mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Finally,the contents of saturated,polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in tuna milts were 53.25%,35.69%and 11.07%,respectively.In the determined thirteen identified fatty acids,docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)was the most abundant fatty acid with the content of(49.97±0.16)mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1).The skipjack tuna milts can be used as a high-quality raw material for preparation of protamine,bioactive peptides and DHA.In addition,the skipjack tuna milts can be designed and developed to the supplement products of K and Zn.This study provides data and theoretical basis for the high value utilization of tuna milts.