叠加、强化式“X以来”的构成限制、形成动因及其历时发展

The Composition Restriction,Formation Motivation and Evolution of the Superimposed and Intensified Construction of "X yǐlái (以来)"

通常情况下,"X以来"都是单一视角的表达,即X为单纯的时点,或为单纯的时段。而"时点_(1)+时点_(2)+以来"则是将两种不同类型的时点并置在了一起,构成了一种叠加式的组配格式;"时点+时段+以来"则是一种强化式的组配格式,即将"时点+以来"所表达的时间范围又以明确的时段词语在结构中重现出来,造成了语义上的强化。从构成上看,叠加式中"时点_(1)"只能是名词性时点,"时点_(2)"只能是动词性时点;强化式中"时点"只能是动词性时点,"时段"只能是名词性时段。说写者在叙述中采用这种叠加、强化式的组配格式,是为了满足不同的语用需求而做出的创新。从历时层面来看,叠加式在六朝时既已出现,而强化式则直到清代才形成。

Generally speaking,"X yǐlái(以来)"is an expression of a single perspective,that is,X is either a simple point of time or a simple period of time.The"time point1+time point2+yǐlái(以来)"is a superposition of two different types of time points.The"time point+time period+yǐlái(以来)"is a kind of intensified combination.That is to say,the time range expressed by"time point+yǐlái(以来)"reappears in the structure with words denoting a clear period of time,which constitutes semantic intensification.In terms of composition,in the superposition form,"time point1"can only be a nominal time point,while"time point2"can only be a verbal time point.In the intensified combination,"time point"can only be a verbal time point,while"time period"can only be nominal time period.The reason why the writer or speaker adopts this superimposed form or intensified composition is innovations to meet different pragmatic needs.From the perspective of evolution,the examples of superimposed pattern appeared in the Six Dynasties,while the examples of intensified pattern did not appear until the Qing Dynasty.