美国主流新闻媒体对新左派运动的形象建构——以《纽约时报》对“学生争取民主社会组织”的报道为中心

The Image Construction of the New Left Movement by American Mainstream News Media:Centered on The New York Times Reports on SDS

新左派运动重要组织"学生争取民主社会组织"于1965年4月17日组织了到当时为止最大规模的一次反战抗议活动,开始成为美国主流新闻媒体竞相报道的对象。以《纽约时报》为代表的主流新闻媒体从1965年至1968年对"学民社"的发展、壮大和衰亡进行了即时报道。作为一种社会政治化工具、媒介和公共记忆手段,《纽约时报》的报道框架随着该组织自身的发展而变化。当"学民社"以一种崭新的政治抗议力量出现在美国政治舞台上时,《纽约时报》的报道是客观中立的;随着"学民社"的不断壮大、人员构成更为复杂、与主流社会日渐疏离时,它被逐渐"边缘化";当"学民社"规模继续扩大、组织性质及组织结构发生变化时,《纽约时报》上的"学民社"被妖魔化为一种危险的、破坏性力量。《纽约时报》对"学民社"的即时报道和形象建构,有意无意间体现了与美国主流意识形态相一致的倾向。

The important organization of the New Left movement,the Students for a Democratic Society(SDS),organized the largest anti-war protest as yet on April 17,1965,and began to become the target of coverage by the mainstream news media.The mainstream news media,represented by The New York Times,reported the development,growth and decline of SDS from 1965 to 1968.As a tool of social politicization,media and public memory,the reporting framework of The New York Times on SDS changed with the development of the organization itself.When SDS appeared on the American political stage as a new political protest force,the report of The New York Times was objective and neutral;with the continuous growth of SDS,its personnel composition became more complex,and it was increasingly alienated from the mainstream society,and as a result,it was gradually"marginalized";when the scale of SDS continued to expand and its organizational nature and structure changed,SDS in The New York Times was demonized as a dangerous and destructive force.The instant report and image construction of SDS by The New York Times intentionally or unintentionally reflect the tendency consistent with the mainstream ideology of the United States.