维也纳学派隐藏的自然主义倾向

The Hidden Naturalistic Tendency of the Vienna Circle

现在的英美哲学貌似已被自然主义攻克,但笔者并不看好自然主义。90年前维也纳学派的内部争论就出现了自然主义的苗头。无论是卡尔纳普还是纽拉特,尤其是石里克,他们原来坚持意义的可证实原则,但后来发现这个原则不能为知识提供基础,只能诉诸科学家自我满足的心理事实。石里克关于“记录陈述”的讨论,更是深刻地揭示了逻辑经验主义的困境。这样,蒯因所持的分析与综合判断没有最终分别的自然主义论断,早就埋在维也纳学派的内部争论中。如今,逻辑实证主义的衰落和自然主义的貌似胜利其实是一脉相承的。这样,逻辑经验主义衰落了,自然主义也可能是过眼云烟,不能在哲学史中留下什么深刻的印记。

Now the British and American philosophy seems to have been conquered by Naturalism,but I don’t think much of it.Just 90 years ago,Naturalism was already planted in the internal debate of the Vienna Circle.Carnap and Neurath,especially Schlick,originally insisted on the verification principle of meaning,but later found that this principle could not provide a basis for knowledge and Schlick could only resort to the psychological facts of scientists’self satisfaction.Schlick’s discussion on“Protocol Statement”reveals more dilemma of Logical Empiricism.In this way,Quine’s Naturalistic conclusion that there is no final difference between analytical and synthetical judgment has long been covered in the internal debate of the Vienna Circle.Nowadays,the decline of Logical Positivism and the seemingly victory of Naturalism come down in one continuous line.In this way,whereas Logical Empiricism has declined,and Naturalism may be likewise a thing of fashion,and may not leave a impressive mark in the history of philosophy.