燃煤电厂烟气中CO_(2)捕集及其催化转化为短链烯烃研究进展

Research progress of CO_(2) capture and catalytic conversion to ethylene in flue gas of coal/gas fired power plants

二氧化碳(CO_(2))的大量排放加剧了气候变化。CO_(2)捕集及其催化转化为高附加值化工产品是目前处理CO_(2)的主要方法之一。从CO_(2)吸收/解吸以及CO_(2)催化加氢制短链烯烃的角度展开综述,分别对吸收剂/吸附剂和催化剂的捕集转化CO_(2)进行了总结。结果表明,在CO_(2)捕集中,有机胺吸收/解吸方法虽然是目前应用最为广泛的技术,但是,其胺降解和逃逸是限制大规模应用的瓶颈之一;无机碱吸收/解吸方法不仅可以有效避免降解和逃逸问题,而且只需在现有有机胺吸收/解吸的工艺上稍作改进即可实现工业应用,尽管其仍存在吸收缓慢的弊端,但是开发表面富羟基催化剂有利于大幅度改善其吸附/解吸速率,推进该方法实现工业应用。在CO_(2)催化转化中,CO_(2)可在铁基催化剂和双功能催化剂上催化加氢制得短链烯烃。铁基催化剂受Anderson-Schulz-Flory(ASF)分布的影响,其选择性难以提升,而双功能催化剂能够打破ASF分布,使短链烯烃的选择性大幅度提升,但其转化率偏低。因此,开发具有CO_(2)高转化率的双功能催化剂对CO_(2)催化加氢高效制短链烯烃的意义重大。研究结论可为推动CO_(2)资源化利用研究的长足发展提供参考,为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标贡献智慧和力量。

The massive emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has exacerbated the climate change.CO_(2) capture and catalytic conversion to high value-added chemical products is one of the main methods for CO_(2) treatment.In this study,the current state of CO_(2) absorption and desorption as well as catalytic hydrogenation to short-chain olefins were reviewed.The CO_(2) capture by absorbent or adsorbent and the CO_(2) conversion by catalysts are summarized.The results show that although the organic amine absorption/desorption method is the most widely used technology in CO_(2) capture,while its amine degradation and escape is one of the bottlenecks restricting large-scale application;the inorganic alkali absorption/desorption method can not only avoid the problems of degradation and escape,but also can realize industrial application only by slightly improving the existing organic amine absorption/desorption process.Although it still has the disadvantage of slow absorption,the development of surface hydroxyl rich catalyst is conducive to greatly improve its adsorption/desorption rate and promote the industrial application of this method.In the catalytic conversion of CO_(2),CO_(2) can be hydrogenated on iron-based catalyst and bifunctional catalyst to produce short chain olefins.The selectivity of iron-based catalysts is difficult to improve due to the influence of Anderson Schulz Flory(ASF)distribution,while bifunctional catalysts can break the ASF distribution and greatly improve the selectivity of short chain olefins,but their conversion is low.Therefore,the development of bifunctional catalysts with high CO_(2) conversion is of great significance for the efficient production of short chain olefins by CO_(2) catalytic hydrogenation.This study aims to provide reference for promoting the rapid development of CO_(2) resource utilization research,and contribute wisdom and strength to achieve the goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutralization".