美国首份诸军种协同核作战计划SIOP-62的出台及其影响(1958-1960)

The Introduction and Influence of American First Cooperative Nuclear Combat Operation Plan among Services SIOP-62(1958-1960)

从20世纪50年代末至60年代初,美军诸军种都以苏联为假想敌制定了各自的核战争计划。然而,诸军种之间在核武器管制、打击目标重叠及争夺核打击权等方面出现的乱象使得美军始终无法形成统一的核作战计划。为了促成诸军种协同打核战争的局面,美国参谋长联席会议命令由战略空军司令部负责制定首个美军诸军种协同作战的核战争计划SIOP-62。SIOP-62计划的出台标志着美军形成了以战略空军为核心,其他军种相互配合的比较完整的核战争战术思想。但是,由于该计划在制定过程中一味地按照战略空军的意图,过多地依赖于核武器,并且在实际操作中存在不灵活性,造成艾森豪威尔"大规模报复"的思想无法真正付诸实施。

From late 1950 s to early 1960 s,U.S.armed forces formulated respective nuclear war plans against the Soviet Union as the imaginary enemy.However,chaos appeared within the U.S.armed forces in aspects of managing the nuclear weapons,overlapping the targeted objectives and fighting for dominant power in nuclear strikes.To formulate the situation of cooperation among U.S.armed forces to fight the nuclear war,the JCS ordered SAC to be responsible for planning the first cooperative nuclear war plan among U.S.armed forces,named SIOP-62.The publication of SIOP-62 marked the formulation of complete thinking for nuclear war tactics characterized by SAC as the main force with other forces combat cooperation.However,the process of planning of SIOP-62 was blindly traced by the intention of SAC,heavily relying on nuclear weapons as well as the inflexibility in the real practice,which resulted in the failure of the implementation of the“Massive Retaliation”boasted by the Eisenhower’s administration.