“一体两翼”精准助推策略:常态化新冠肺炎疫情防控的“第三条道路”

People-centered Nudge Strategy Integrative with Environment Construction and Timing Control in the Ongoing Targeted Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pandemic

当前新冠肺炎疫情防控已进入常态化阶段,既要防控疫情,又要发展稳定,还要考量政策绩效。"助推"作为国际上广受推崇的提升政策效果的微观方式,能为常态化防疫提供新的策略。借助EAST助推框架中简化、吸引力、社会性与及时性四个维度,观察中国防疫实践,结合其所具有的空间、技术、政治特点,辅以对防疫纲领文件的文本分析,可以概括出"一体两翼"精准助推策略:以民众为中心、加强环境营造与时机把握。这一策略具有良好的时空权变性、探索扩散弹性,并且兼顾民主与科学。推广这一策略,要在思想上树立"多助推、少强制"的理念,在政策执行过程中加强助推咨询,在制度保障上开展助推培训与循证实验,在技术方案上强化政策内容和方式的复合助推。

At present,it has been the ongoing stage instead of emergency stage of COVID-19 prevention and control,in which it is significant to take science-based measures to provide full protection to the public,promote the economic development and social stability,and maximize the policy effect at low cost.As an internationally accepted micro-way to enhance the policy performance,Nudge Strategy provides a new approach for ongoing pandemic prevention and initiate the public to take implementations on a self-conscious base.With the perspective of the four characteristics of Easy,Attractive,Social and Timely in the EAST framework,observing the practice of epidemic prevention in China,combined with the characteristics of space technology politics of it,supplemented by the text analysis of the epidemic prevention program document,China’s strategy of pandemic prevention and control can be summarized as a people-centered Nudge Strategy integrative with environment construction and timing control.This strategy has good temporal and spatial variability,exploration and diffusion flexibility,and can give consideration to democracy and science.The suggestions to apply this strategy are:to establish the value of"more boosting and less coercion"ideologically;to improve the consultancy services throughout the policy process,to conduct training and evidence-based experiments,and to strengthen the compound nudge of policy contents and approaches.